Mine Uzbilek KIRKAĞAÇ

The status of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Valenciennes 1844) in Turkey

Ot sazanı diğer Çin sazanları içinde su bitkilerinin mücadelesinde biyolojik kontrol ajanı ve besin kaynağı olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Ot sazanını su bitkileri mücadelesinde kullanımının faydaları, sabit beslenme aktivitesi ile su bitkileri üzerindeki etkilerinin uzun süreli olması, uzun dönemde maliyetin düşük olması ve bitki biyomasını hayvansal proteine çevirme potansiyelidir. Ot sazanı yerel alanı dışına 1945 yılından sonra akvakültür ve su yönetimi amaçlarıyla tanıtılmış, ülkemize ise 1972 yılından sonra getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, ot sazanının ülkemizdeki tanıtımına ilişkin değişik çalışmaların ve tanıtımlarındaki sınırlayıcı ve teşvik edici faktörlerin ortaya konması ve ilgili literatürlere dayanarak bazı önerilerin verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Ot sazanının (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Valenciennes 1844) Türkiye’deki durumu

The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Val. 1844) among other Chinese carps has been receiving worldwide attention as a biological control agent for aquatic vegetation and as a source of food. The benefits of using grass carp for plant control include its long term effects, constant feeding activity on invasive macrophytes, low long term costs and the potential for conversion of weed biomass to fish protein. The grass carp was first introduced outside its native area for aquaculture and aquatic management purposes after 1945 and in Turkey after 1972. In this paper, it is my aim to provide some information on different studies relating to grass carp introduction in Turkey and explain in their introduction the factors that inhibit and encourage its development and give some suggestions supported by related literature.

PDF

___

1. Altınayar G, Ertem B, Yıldırım S (1994): Su yabancıotları ile biyolojik savaşımda Çin sazanı (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.)’nın kullanılması üzerinde değerlendirmeler. DSİ İşl ve Bak Dai Yabancıot Savaşımı ve Bitkisel Kaplama Şube Müd, Ankara, 81 s.
2. Appelbaum S, Uland B (1979): Intensive rearing of grass carp larvae Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val. 1844) under controlled conditions. Aquaculture, 17, 175-179.
3. Baran İ, Seçer S (1979): Sakaryabaşı Balık Üretim ve Araştırma İstasyonundaki Yoğun Bitki Populasyonunun Biyolojik Mücadelesinde Ot Balığı (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) kullanılmasıyla ilgili uygulamalar. Vet Hek Derg, 49, 1-9.
4. Bohl M. (1979): Disease control and reproduction of grass carp in Germany. Proceeding of the grass carp conference ed. by J.V. Shireman,256 p.
5. Chapman D.C, Wayna A.H, Jackson U.T (1987): Phosphorus retention by grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed sapo pond weed (Potamogeton pectinatus). Aquaculture 65, 221-225.
6. Colle D. E, Shireman J.V (1980): Coefficients of condition for largemouth bass, bluegill and reader sunfish in hydrilla-infested lakes. Trans Am Fish Soc, 109,521.
7. Dabrowski K, Poczyczynski P (1988): Comparative experiments on starter diets for grass carp and common carp. Aquaculture, 69, 317-332.
8. Demir N, Kırkağaç M (2006): Bir ot sazanı (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Val) yavru yetiştirme havuzunun fitoplankton kompozisyonu ve biyokütlesi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi,12,51-55.
9. Horvath L, Tamas G, Tölg I (1984): Special methods in pond fish husbandary. Akamediai Kiado, Budapest, 148 pp.
10. Huisman A. E (1979): The culture of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) under artificial conditions. From the Proc of the World Symp on Finfish Nutrition and Fishfeed Technology, Vol. 1, 492-498.
11. Jhingran V.G, Pullin R.S.V (1988): A Hatchery Manual for the Common, Chinese and Indian Major Carps. Asian Development Bank International Center for Living Aquatic resources Management, Philippines, 191 pp.
12. Kırkağaç M, Atay D (2001): The reproduction of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., 1844) under artificial conditions and rearing to size that can be utilized in biological weed control. J Agri Sci, 7, 89-96.
13. Kırkağaç M. U, Pulatsü S (2001a): The estimation of phosphorus retention by grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., 1844) fed Potamogeton pectinatus, L, J Agri Sci, 7, 6-8.
14. Kırkağaç M. U, Pulatsü S (2001b): A preliminary study on the effects of vegetation elimination by grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., 1844) on water quality, zooplankton and benthos. J Agri Sci, 3, 9-12.
15. Kırkağaç M.U, Yavuzcan H.Y (2002): A report on spontaneous diseases in the culture of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val. 1844), Turkey. Turk J Vet Ani Sci, 26, 407-410.
16. Kırkağaç M.U. (2003): The gut contents of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, during nursing in an earthen pond. Bamidgeh, 55, 139-143.
17. Kırkağaç M.U. (2004): A study on zooplankton of a grass carp nursing pond. J Agri Sci, 10, 462-465.
18. Kırkağaç M. U, Demir N (2004): The effects of grass carp on aquatic plants, plankton and benthos in ponds. J Aquat Plant Manage, 42, 32-39.
19. Kırkağaç M. U, Demir N (2006): The effects of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., 1844) on water quality, plankton, macrophytes and benthic macroinvertebrates in a spring pond. T J Fish Aquat Sci, 6, 7-15.
20. Lembi C.A, Brian G.R, Iverson E.M, Forss E.C (1978): The effects of vegetation removal by grass carp on water chemistry and phytoplankton in Indiana ponds. Trans Am Fish Soc, 107,161-171.
21. Masser M.P (2002): Using grass carp in aquaculture and private impoundments. SRAC Publications No. 3600, Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, United States, 4 p.
22. Mitzner L (1978): Evulation of biological control of nuisance aquatic vegetation by grass carp. Trans Am Fish Soc, 107,135-145.
23. Opunszynski K, Shireman J.V (1995): Herbivorous fishes: Culture and Use for Weed Management. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 223 pp.
24. Pfeiffer T. J, Lovell R.T (1990): Responses of grass carp, stocked intensively in earthen ponds, to various supplemental feeding regimes. Prog Fish Cult, 52, 213- 217.
25. Riemer D (1984): Introduction to Freshwater Vegetation. Van Nostrand Reinhold C., New York.
26. Riley D.M. (1978):Parasites of grass carp and native fishes in Florida, Trans Am Fish Soc, 107,207-212.
27. Rothbard S (1981): Induced reproduction in cultivated cyprinids- The common carp and the group of chinese carps. I.The technique of induction, spawning and hatching. Bamidgeh 33,103-121.
28. Rottmann R.W, Shireman J.V (1990): Hatchery manual for grass carp and other riverine cyprinids. IFAS Technical Circular 244, University of Florida, Gainsville.
29. Rottmann R.W, Shireman E.P., Lincoln J.P (1991): Comparison of three live foods and two dry diets for intensive culture of grass carp and bighead carp larvae. Aquaculture 96, 269-280.
30. Shireman J.V, Smith J.R (1983): Synopsis of biological data on the grass carp. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 135, Rome.
31. Shireman J.V (1985): Grass carp weed control in Florida. Proc.4th Br. Freshw. Fish. Conf. 60 pp.
32. Sutton D.L,Vandiver V.V (2005): Grass carp: A fish for biological management of Hydrilla and other aquatic weeds in Florida.http:/edis.ifas.ufledu/FA043,10 pp.
33. Vinogradov V.K, Zolotova, Z.K (1974): The influence of the grass carp on aquatic ecosystems. Hydrobiol. J. 10, 72- 78.
34. Von Zon J.C.J (1977): Grass carp in Europe. Aquat Bot. 3, 143-155.
35. Yavuzcan H.Y, Kırkağaç M.U. (2003): The evaluation of secondary stress response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., 1844) after exposing to the saline water. Fish Phy Bioch, 25, 287-290.
36. Watkins C.E., Shireman J.V., Haller W.T (1983): The influence of aquatic vegetation upon zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates in Oregon Lake, Florida. J Aquat. Plant Manage, 21, 78.