TROUBLED FUTURE FOR THE UNITED NATIONS (UN) USE OF FORCE AND PEACE OPERATIONS*

Bu makalenin amacı, BM"nin kuvvet kullanma ve barış operasyonlarının sınırlılıklarını incelemektir. BM"nin bu kapsamdaki kısıtlarını analiz etmek, sistemik, yapısal, kurumsal ve devri değerlendirmeleri gerektirir. Neden ve sonuç ilişkilerine bakıldığında, kuvvet kullanma ve barış harekâtı uygulamaları arasında bir dengesizlik olduğu sunucuna kolaylıkla ulaşılabilir. BM devletin egemenlik hakları ile insan hakları ve uluslararası hukukun ilkeleri arasındaki hassas dengeyi muhafaza etmedikçe, teknik, taktik ve operasyonel seviyede gerçekleştirilen reformlar beklentilerin çok az bir kısmını karşılayabilir. BM"nin karar süreçlerindeki belirleyici rolü, küresel güçler arasındaki politik çekişme ve bütünleyici kurumların yetersizliği, kolektif savunmada başarısızlık ve harekât kısıtları gibi sistemik sorunlar BM"nin kuvvet kullanma ve barış operasyonu kapasitesini kısıtlamaktadır. Soğuk Savaş"tan ve 1900"lardan çok farklı olan cari güç dengesi, bir taraftan kuvvet kullanma imkanlarını kısıtlarken diğer taraftan barış operasyonlarına fazlasıyla yüklenmektedir. Bu durum BM"yi, çatışmaları uygun olmayan vasıtalarla yönetmeye zorlamaktadır. Bu yüzden BM"nin, kapsamlı işbirliği ve koordinasyonla, barış ve güvenlik meselelerine daha güçlü bir kararlılıkla yenilenmiş bir odaklanmaya ihtiyacı vardır.

Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Kuvvet Kullanma ve Barış Harekâtının Sorunlu Geleceği

The purpose of this article is to examine the hindrances of the UN"s use of force and peace operations. Analyzing shortfalls which affect the UN"s capacity at this context requires systemic, structural, institutional and conjunctural assessments. Considering cause and result relations one can easily reach to the conclusion that there is an imbalance on applying use of force and peace operations. Unless the UN preserves the delicate balance between sovereignty rights of the states and human rights, and principles of international law, reforms at the technical, tactical or operational levels has little to meet expectations. The UNSC"s dominant role on decision making process, political struggle between global powers, and systemic problems such as limitations of complementary institutions, failure of collective defence, and operational deficiencies, hinder the capacity of the UN"s use of force and peace operations. Current balance of power which is highly different both from the settings of the Cold War and 1990s while stagnating use of force applications overburdens peace operations. This situation obliges the UN to manage conflicts with less appropriate tools. Hence there is need for a renewed focus on peace and security issues with a stronger determination of the UN with extensive coordination and cooperation.

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