Leon Walras'ta İktisat ve Mekanik İlişkisi

Onyedinci yüzyıl Bilim Devrimi‟nin başarıları doğa bilimlerinin dışındaki bilim dallarının da ilgisini çekmiştir. Klasik fizikte sağlanan başarının benzer metodolojik yaklaşımlar ile tekrar edilebileceği düşüncesi, ondokuzuncu yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren iktisat biliminde epeyce taraftar bulmaya başlamış ve 1870‟lerde “marjinalist devrim” ile bir anlamda zirvesine ulaşmıştır. Walras klasik fiziğin metodolojik kabullerinin en kararlı kullanıcılarından biridir. İktisat biliminin klasik fiziğe benzer biçimde kesin bilim olacağını, olması gerektiğini düşünmektedir. Bu doğrultuda iktisadi değişkenleri, niteliksel özelliklerinden soyutlayıp, klasik fizikte olduğu gibi sadece nicel değerler olarak ifade etmek istemektedir. Çalışmada, Walras‟ın söz konusu dönüşümü gerçekleştirme yöntemi sergilenecektir ve iktisadi gerçekliğin yapısal farklılıklarını ortadan kaldıran bu dönüşümün yarattığı sorunlar tartışılacaktır. Ayrıca Walras‟ın metodolojik olarak klasik fiziğe öykünürken, epistemolojik açıdan geometriye öykünmesinden çeşitli sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu sorunlardan biri, iktisadi gerçeklik ile Walras‟ın saf iktisat teorisinin Platoncu genel felsefesi arasındaki ilişkidir. Bu ilişki ve doğurduğu sonuçlar çalışmada ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Nitelik, Nicelik, Mekanik, İktisat

The Relationship between Economics and Mechanics in Leon Walras

The achievements of the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century has caught the attention of many sciences other than the natural sciences. The idea that the success of classical physics can be recurred by applying the same methodological approaches was supported by many specialists in economics especially after the second half of the nineteenth century and “the marginal revolution” ensured important contribution to this idea. Leon Walras is one of the most determined economists who believes that the methodology of classical physics can ensure economics to be an exact science. To get the aim, he thinks that the variables of economics should be abstracted from their qualitative contents and be stated in terms of quantity.This study tries to explore the transformation process in which variables are converted from qualitative to quantitative. The process has some risks such as elimination of the structural and uniquedifferences; thus, the problems brought about due to the application the same methodology in economics will be discussed. In addition, Walras imitates the methodology from mechanics so as to be able to reach the exact science but at the same time he also imitates epistemology from geometry for the same reasons. They are different sciences so, naturally, there are some differences in falsification and verification issues. One of them is the relationship between the economic realities and the general philosophy of his pure theory of economics which will finally be examined as well

Keywords:

Quality Quantity, Mechanics, Economics, Equilibrium,

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