İŞLETMELERİN MÜŞTERİ ODAKLILIK VE MÜŞTERİ TATMİNİ DÜZEYLERİNİN GÜVEN OLUŞUMUNA ETKİSİ

Rekabetçi baskıların yoğunlaşması ve sektörel değişim/dönüşümlerin artması nedeniyle, işletmeler rakiplerin eylemlerine hızlıca tepki vererek hem mevcut müşterilerini koruma hem de yeni müşteriler kazanmayı amaçlamaktadır. Özellikle son yıllarda sürdürülebilir rekabetçi üstünlük kazanmaya ve işletme başarısını değerlendirmeye yönelik güven, müşteri odaklılık ve müşteri tatmini gibi stratejik avantaj göstergeleri ön plana çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada, öncelikle işletmeye olan güvenin oluşumunda müşteri odaklılık ve müşteri tatmininin etkisi teorik açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca, bir araştırma modeli oluşturulmuş ve test edilmiştir. Araştırmaya konu olan veriler 311 üniversite öğrencisinden elde edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, müşteri odaklılık güveni direkt etkilemektedir ve müşteri odaklılık müşteri tatmini aracılığıyla da dolaylı olarak güveni etkilemektedir.

The Effect of Levels of Customer Orientation and Customer Satisfaction of Firms on Trust Formation: An Evaluation from Customer Perspective

Because of intensification of competitive pressure and increase of industrial change/transformation, firms aim both protecting the existing customers and gaining new ones through responding quickly to the actions of competitors.Strategic advantage indicators as trust, customer orientation and customer satisfaction plays a major role in gaining sustainable competitive advantage and evaluating the business success especially in the recent years. In this study, firstly, the effect of costumer orientation and customer satisfaction on trust to the firm is theoretically evaluated. Next, a research model was developed and tested. The data of this paper were gathered from 311 university students. The empirical findings of this study show that customer orientation directly influences the trust and customer orientation indirectly affects trust through customer satisfaction.

___

  • Anderson, Eugene W., Claes Fornell ve Donald R. Lehmann (1994), "Customer Satisfaction, Market Share, and Profitability: Findings from Sweden", Journal of Marketing, 58 (3): 53- 66.
  • Anderson, James C. ve James A. Narus (1990), "A Model of Distributor Firm and Manufacture Firm Working Partnerships", Journal of Marketing, 54 (1): 42-58.
  • Athanassopoulos, Antreas, Spiros Gounaris ve Vlassis Stathakopoulos (2001), "Behavioural Responses to Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Study", European Journal of Marketing, 35 (5/6): 687-707.
  • Bagozzi, Richard P. vd. (2012), "Genetic and Neurological Foundations of Customer Orientation: Field and Experimental Evidence", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40 (5): 639-658.
  • Bagozzi, Richard P. ve Youjae Yi (1988), "On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models", Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 16 (1): 74-94.
  • Barney, Jay B. ve Mark H. Hansen (1994), "Trustworthiness as a Source of Competitive Advantage", Strategic Management Journal, 15 (1): 175-190.
  • Baş, Abdullah (2013), İşletmeleri Dönüştürme Aracı Olarak Pazarlama Miyopisinin Stratejik Değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye Tekstil İşletmelerinde Araştırma, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
  • Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu (2015), http://www.btk.gov.tr (10.03.2016).
  • Blocker, Christopher P., Daniel J. Flint, Matthew B. Myers ve Stanley F. Slater (2011), "Proactive Customer Orientation and its Role for Creating Customer Value in Global Markets", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39 (2): 216-233.
  • Brach, Simon, Gianfranco Walsh, Thorsten Hennig-Thurau ve Markus Groth (2015), "A Dyadic Model of Customer Orientation: Mediation and Moderation Effects", British Journal of Management, 26 (2): 292-309.
  • Brady, Michael K., Gary A. Knight, J. Joseph Cronin, G. Tomas M. Hult ve Bruce D. Keillor (2005), "Removing the Contextual Lens: A Multinational, Multi-Setting Comparison of Service Evaluation Models", Journal of Retailing, 81 (3): 215-230.
  • Brady, Michael K. ve J. Joseph Cronin (2001), "Customer Orientation Effects on Customer Service Perceptions and Outcome Behaviors", Journal of Service Research, 3 (3): 241-251.
  • Chang, Jui C. (2006), "Customer Satisfaction with Tour Leaders' Performance: A Study of Taiwan's Package Tours", Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 11 (1): 97-116.
  • Cheng, Ching C., Shao-l Chiu, Hsiu-Yuan Hu ve Ya-Yuan Chang (2011), "A Study on Exploring the Relationship Between Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in the Fast Food Industry: With Relationship Inertia as a Mediator", African Journal of Business Management, 5 (13): 5118-5126.
  • Churchill Jr, Gilbert A. ve Carol Surprenant (1982), "An Investigation into the Determinants of Customer Satisfaction", Journal of Marketing Research, 19: 491-504.
  • Connie, Bateman ve Sean Valentine (2015), "The Impact of Salesperson Customer Orientation on The Evaluation of a Salesperson's Ethical Treatment, Trust in the Salesperson, and Intentions to Purchase", Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 35 (2): 125- 142.
  • Connor, Tom (1999), "Research Notes and Communications: Customer-Led and Market-Oriented: A Matter of Balance", Strategic Management Journal, 20 (12), 1157-1163.
  • Connor, Tom (2007), "Market Orientation and Performance", Strategic Management Journal, 28 (9), 957-959.
  • Cronin Jr, J. Joseph ve Steven A. Taylor (1992), "Measuring Service Quality: A Reexamination and Extension", Journal of Marketing, 56 (3): 55-68.
  • Cronin, J. Joseph, Michael K. Brady ve G. Tomas M. Hult (2000), "Assessing The Effects of Quality, Value and Customer Satisfaction on Consumer Behavioral Intentions in Service Environments", Journal of Retailing, 76 (2): 193-218.
  • Currall, Steven C. ve Marc J. Epstein (2003), "The Fragility of Organizational Trust: Lessons from the Rise and Fall of Enron", Organizational Dynamics, 32 (2): 193-206.
  • D'Aveni, Richard A., Jonathan M. Canger ve Joseph J. Doyle (1995), "Coping with Hypercompetition: Utilizing the New 7S's Framework", The Academy of Management Executive, 9 (3): 45-57.
  • Day, George S. (1994), "The Capabilities of Market-Driven Organizations", Journal of Marketing, 58 (4): 37-52.
  • Dean, Alison M. (2007), "The Impact of the Customer Orientation of Call Center Employees on Customers' Affective Commitment and Loyalty", Journal of Service Research, 10 (2): 161-173.
  • Deng, Zhaohua, Yaobin Lu, Kwok Kee Wei ve Jinlong Zhang (2010), "Understanding Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty: An Empirical Study of Mobile Instant Messages in China", International Journal of Information Management, 30 (4): 289-300.
  • Deshpandé, Rohit, John U. Farley ve Frederick E. Webster Jr. (1993), "Corporate Culture, Customer Orientation and Innovativeness in Japanese Firms: A Quadrad Analysis", Journal of Marketing, 57 (1): 23-37.
  • D larslan, Emre ah n ve Alper Özer (2014), "H zmet Kal tes , Tatm n ve Güven n Daha Fazla Ödeme E l m Üzer ndek Etk ler ", Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14 (1): 31-58.
  • Doney, Patricia M. ve Joseph P. Cannon (1997), "An Examination of The Nature of Trust in Buyer- Seller Relationships", Journal of Marketing, 61 (2): 35-51.
  • D larslan, Emre ahin (2013), "Kalite, De er ve Tatminin Davranışsal Niyet Üzerine Etkileri: Perakendecilik Sekt ründe Alternatif Modellerin De erlendirilmesi", Hacettepe Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 31 (2): 15-52.
  • Driggs, Woody ve Jeffrey Stier (2014), "How to Growth Customer Trust", Customer Relationship Management, October, 10.
  • Driggs, Woody ve Jeffrey Stier (2014), "The (Priceless) Value of Trust", Customer Relationship Management, April.
  • Dwyer, F. Robert, Paul H. Schurr ve Sejo Oh (1987), "Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships", Journal of Marketing, 51 (2): 11-27.
  • Eser, Zeliha, Sezer Korkmaz ve Sevgi A. Öztürk (2011), Pazarlama (Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi).
  • Fornell, Claes (1992), "A National Customer Satisfaction Barometer: The Swedish Experience", Journal of Marketing, 56 (1): 6-21.
  • Fornell, Claes ve David F. Larcker (1981), "Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error", Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1): 39-50.
  • Francis, Farrelly ve Quester Pascale (2003), "The Effects of Market Orientation on Trust and Commitment", European Journal of Marketing, 37 (3/4): 530-553.
  • Garbarino, Ellen ve Mark S. Johnson (1999), "The Different Roles of Satisfaction, Trust, and Commitment in Customer Relationships", Journal of Marketing, 63 (2): 70-87.
  • Giese, Joan L. ve Joseph A. Cote (2002), "Defining Consumer Satisfaction", Academy of Marketing Science Review, 2000 (1): 1-24.
  • Gr nroos, Christian (1994), "From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing: Towards A Paradigm Shift in Marketing", Management Decision, 32 (2): 4-20.
  • Ha, Hong-Youl ve Kang-Hee Park (2012), "Effects of Perceived Quality and Satisfaction on Brand Loyalty in China: The Moderating Effect of Customer Orientation", African Journal of Business Management, 6 (22): 6745-6753.
  • Hair, Joseph F., William C. Black, Barry J. Babin ve Rolph E. Anderson (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis (New Jersey, USA: Prentice-Hall).
  • Hau, Le Nguyen ve Pham Ngoc Thuy (2012), "Impact of Service Personal Values on Service Value and Customer Loyalty: A Cross-Service Industry Study", Service Business, 6 (2): 137- 155.
  • Homburg, Christian, Michael Müller ve Martin Klarmann (2011), "When Does Sales People's Customer Orientation Lead to Customer Loyalty? The Differential Effects of Relational and Functional Customer Orientation", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39 (6): 795-812.
  • Hong, Sehee, Mary L. Malik ve Min-Kyu Lee (2003), "Testing Configural, Metric, Scalar, and Latent Mean Invariance Across Genders in Sociotropy and Autonomy Using a Non-Western Sample", Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63 (4): 636-654.
  • Jaworski, Bernard J. ve Ajay K. Kohli (1996), "Market Orientation: Review, Refinement, and Roadmap", Journal of Market-Focused Management, 1 (2): 119-135.
  • Johnson, Devon ve Grayson Kent (2005), "Cognitive and Affective Trust in Service Relationships" Journal of Business Research, 58 (4): 500-507.
  • Jyoti, Jeevan ve Sharma Jyoti (2012), "Impact of Market Orientation on Business Performance: Role of Employee Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction", Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 16 (4): 297-313.
  • Kennedy, Karen Norman, Jerry R. Goolsby ve Eric J. Arnould (2003), "Implementing a Customer Orientation: Extension of Theory and Application", Journal of Marketing, 67 (4): 67-81.
  • Ketchen, David J., G. Tomas M. Hult ve Stanley F. Slater (2007), "Toward Greater Understanding of Market Orientation and the Resource-Based View", Strategic Management Journal, 28 (9): 961-964.
  • Kim, Dan J., Donald L. Ferrin ve H. Raghav Rao (2003), "Trust and Satisfaction, Two Stepping Stones for Successful E-commerce Relationships: A Longitudinal Exploration", Information Systems Research, 20 (2): 237-257.
  • Kohli, Ajay K. ve Bernard J. Jaworski (1990), "Market Orientation: The Construct, Research Propositions and Managerial Implications", Journal of Marketing, 54: 1-18.
  • Kotler, Philip ve Gary Armstrong (2012), Principles of Marketing (USA: Prentice Hall).
  • La, Suna ve Beomjoon Choi (2012), "The Role of Customer Affection and Trust in Loyalty Rebuilding After Service Failure and Recovery", The Service Industries Journal, 32 (1): 105-125.
  • Lau, Geok Theng ve Sook Han Lee (1999), "Consumer's Trust in a Brand and Link to Brand Loyalty", Journal of Market Focused Management, 4 (4): 341- 370.
  • Lieberman, Marvin B. ve Shigeru Asaba (2006), "Why do Firms Imitate Each Other?", Academy of Management Review, 31 (2): 366-385.
  • Luo, Xueming, Maxwell K. Hsu ve Sandra S. Liu (2008), "The Moderating Role of Institutional Networking in the Customer Orientation-Trust/Commitment-Performance Causal Chain in China", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36 (2): 202-214.
  • Marta Frasquet, Amparo Cervera ve Irene Gil (2008), "The Impact of IT and Customer Orientation on Building Trust and Commitment in the Supply Chain", The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 18 (3): 343-359.
  • Moorman, Christine, Gerald Zaltman ve Rohit Deshpande (1992), "Relationships Between Providers and Users of Market Research: The Dynamics of Trust Within and Between Organizations", Journal of Marketing Research, 29 (3): 314-328.
  • Morgan, Robert M. ve Shelby D. Hunt (1994), "The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing", Journal of Marketing, 58: 20-38.
  • Narver, John C. ve Stanley F. Slater (1990), "The Effect of A Market Orientation on Business Profitability", Journal of Marketing, 58 (3): 20-38.
  • Naumann, Earl (1992), "Ten Easy Ways to Lose Your Customer's Trust", Business Horizons, September-October, 30-34.
  • Oliver, Richard L. (1980), "A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions", Journal of Marketing Research, 17 (4): 460-469
  • Oliver, Richard L. (1999), "Whence Consumer Loyalty?", Journal of Marketing, 63: 33-44.
  • Özer, Alper (2006), "Küçük İşletmelerde Ortaklaşa Rekabet", Pazarlama ve İletişim Kültürü Dergisi, 5 (15): 32-44.
  • Patrick A. Saparito, Chao C. Chen ve Harry J. Sapienza (2004), "The Role of Relational Trust in Bank-Small Firm Relationships", The Academy of Management Journal, 47 (3): 400-410.
  • Pavlou, Paul A. (2003), "Consumer Acceptance of Electronic Commerce: Integrating Trust and Risk with the Technology Acceptance Model", International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 7 (3): 101-134.
  • Roselius, Ted (1971), "Consumer Rankings of Risk Reduction Methods", Journal of Marketing, 35 (1): 56-61.
  • San Martín, Sonia ve Carmen Camarero (2005), "Consumer Reactions to Firm Signals in Asymmetric Relationships", Journal of Service Research, 8 (1): 79-97.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, Karin, Helfried Moosbrugger ve Hans Müller (2003), "Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures", Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8 (2): 23-74.
  • Schwepker Jr, Charles H. (2003), "Customer-Oriented Selling: A Review, Extension, and Directions for Future Research", Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 23 (2): 151-171.
  • Singh, Jagdip ve Deepak Sirdeshmukh (2000), "Agency and Trust Mechanisms in Consumer Satisfaction and Loyalty Judgments", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28 (1): 150-167.
  • Slater, Stanley F. ve John C. Narver (1995), "Market Orientation and the Learning Organization", Journal of Marketing, 59 (3): 63-74.
  • Slater, Stanley F. ve John C. Narver (1998), "Market-Oriented is More Than Being Customer-Led", Strategic Management Journal, 20, 1165-1168.
  • Slater, Stanley F. ve John C. Narver (1998), "Research Notes and Communications Customer-Led and Market-Oriented: Let's Not Confuse the Two", Strategic Management Journal, 19 (10): 1001-1006.
  • Suki, Norazah Mohd (2011), "A Structural Model of Customer Satisfaction and Trust in Vendors Involved in Mobile Commerce", International Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, 6 (2): 17-30.
  • Swan, John E. ve Johannah Jones Nolan (1985), "Gaining Customer Trust: A Conceptual Guide for the Salesperson", Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 5 (2): 39-48.
  • Swan, John E., I. Fredrick Trawick ve Maxwell G. Carroll (1981), "Effect of Participation in Marketing Research on Consumer Attitudes Toward Research and Satisfaction with a Service", Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (3): 356-363.
  • Swan, John E., Michael R. Bowers ve Lynne D., Richardson (1999), "Customer Trust in the Sales Person: An Integrative Review and Meta-Analysis of the Empirical Literature", Journal of Business Research, 44 (2): 93-107.
  • imşek, Ömer Faruk (2007), Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş (Ankara: Ekinoks Yay).
  • Trif, Simona-Mihaela (2013), "The Influence Of Overall Satısfactıon and Trust on Customer Loyalty", Management & Marketing, 8 (1): 109-128.
  • Tse, David K. ve Peter C. Wilton (1988), "Models of Consumer Satisfaction Formation: An Extension", Journal of Marketing Research, 25 (2): 204-212.
  • Udo, Godwin J., Kallol K. Bagchi ve Peeter J. Kirs (2010), "An Assessment of Customers' E-Service Quality Perception, Satisfaction and Intention", International Journal of Information Management , 30 (6): 481-492.
  • Webb, Dave, Cynthia Webster ve Areti Krepapa (2000), "An Exploration of the Meaning and Outcomes of A Customer-Defined Market Orientation", Journal of Business Research, 48 (2): 101-112.
  • West, Stephen G., John F. Finch ve Patrick J. Curran. (1995), "Structural Equation Models with Nonnormal Variables: Problems and Remedies", Hoyle, Rick H. (Ed.), Structural Equation Modelling: Concepts, Issues and Applications (Newbury Park, CA: Sage): 56-75.
  • Westbrook, Robert A. (1987), "Product/Consumption-Based Affective Responses and Postpurchase Processes", Journal of Marketing Research, 24 (3): 258-270.
  • Williams, Michael R. (1998), "The Influence of Salespersons' Customer Orientation on Buyer-Seller Relationship Development", Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 13 (3): 271-287.
  • Woodruff, Robert B., Ernest R. Cadotte ve Roger L. Jenkins (1983), "Modeling Consumer Satisfaction Processes Using Experience-Based Norms", Journal of Marketing Research, 20 (3): 296-304.
  • Yi, Youjae ve Suna La (2003), "The Moderating Role of Confidence in Expectations and the Asymmetric Influence of Disconfirmation on Customer Satisfaction", The Service Industries Journal, 23 (5): 20-47.
  • Zhang, Jing ve Josée M. M. Bloemer (2009), "The Impact of Value Congruence on Consumer- Service Brand Relationships", Journal of Service Research, 11 (2): 161-178.