STRASBOURG’DA HERKÜLLERE İHTİYACIMIZ VAR MI? ULUSAL TAKDİR YETKİSİ VE EVRENSEL STANDARTLAR ARASINDA AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ

Makalede Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi tarafından geliştirilen ve taraf devletlerin Sözleşmeden kaynaklanan yükümlülüklerinin tespitinde kullanılan ulusal takdir yetkisi doktrininin Mahkeme içtihadında oynadığı rol incelenmektedir. Doktrinin ortaya çıkış nedeni ve dayandığı temeller tartışıldıktan sonra Mahkemenin bir hakkın ihlal edilip edilmediği değerlendirmesini yaparken kullandığı beş aşamalı incelemenin her aşamasında doktrinin oynadığı rol ayrı ayrı irdelenmektedir. Bu aşamalar; a) Sözleşme kapsamında bir hakkın ve bu hakka müdahalenin varlığı, b) Devletin pozitif bir ödevinin varlığı ve yerine getirilip getirilmediği, c) Müdahalenin hukukiliği, d) Müdahalenin amacı ve e) Müdahalenin gerekliliğidir. Bu inceleme sırasında Dworkin’in zor davalarda yargıcın rolüne ilişkin olarak geliştirdiği teorik çerçeve esas alınarak Mahkemenin doktrine atfettiği rolün doğru olup olmadığı tartışılmaktadır. Makalede siyasal ve hukuki nitelikli sorunların ayrıştırılması halinde ancak doktrinin işlevsel olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır Buna göre bir hakkın Sözleşmenin kapsamında olup olmadığına karar verme yetkisi bir yasama yetkisidir ve siyasal nitelik taşır. Dolayısıyla bu alanda doktrine başvurulabilir. Ancak bir hakka ne kadar müdahale edilebileceği kararı hukuki bir karardır ve Mahkeme bu konularda evrensel standartları belirlemeli ve takdir yetkisine başvurmamalıdır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi, ulusal takdir yetkisi, Dworkin, Herkül Yargıç

Do We Need Hercules in Strasbourg? ECtHR between Universal Standards and National Margin of Appreciation

This article examines the role of the margin of appreciation doctrine, which is developed by the European Court of Human Rights and used in determination of the obligations of the contracting States arising from the Convention, in the case-law of the Court. Having discussed the emergence and legitimacy of the doctrine, the role of it in each of the five stages where the Court examines whether there is a violation of a Convention right has been scrutinized. These stages are; a) whether there is a right and an interference with it? b) is there positive obligations of the contracting state? c) is interference lawfull? d) does interference have a lagitimate aim? e) is interference necessary? In this analysis it has been discussed whether the role attributed to the margin of appreciation doctrine by ECtHR is correct on the basis of Dworkin’s theoretical framework about the role of judge in hard cases. Article concludes that margin of appreciation doctrine can be functional only if political questions are distinguished from legal issues. Accordingly, a decision about whether a right is in the scope of the Convention is a legislative issue, that is, it has a political nature and there is a room for the doctrine in this area. On the other hand, a decision about how far a right can be interfered is a legal problem and the Court should establish universal standards

Keywords:

European Court of Human Rights, European Convention on,

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