Federal toplumu anlamak: Federal sistemlerin sosyolojik yaklaşımı

Katı anayasaların, tanımında kurucu unsur olarak yer aldığı devlet biçimi olarak federal sistem, literatüre oldukça karmaşık teoriler ve kavramlar popülasyonu sunar. Sistemin, birbirinden farklı yönlerini ele alan teoriler ve onların ürettiği kavramlar nedeniyle bu popülasyon gittikçe büyür. Kimi teoriler, federal sistemlerin oluşumunu açıklamaya yönelirken, kimileri de işleyişine ilişkin yaklaşımlar sunarlar. Bu devlet biçiminde, anayasaların kurucu unsur olarak kabulünden hareketle, literatürde ilk olarak hukuksal ya da anayasal yaklaşımla geliştirilen klasik teoriler tartışılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra federal sistem, siyasal, ekonomik, sosyolojik ve yargısal gibi pek çok farklı yaklaşımla da ele alınmaktadır. Dinamik bir doğası bulunan federal sistemin, tek bir yaklaşımla çözümlenmesi her zaman iyi ve kesin sonuçlar vermeyebilir. Bu nedenle literatürde, sistemin birden fazla birleştirilmiş yaklaşımla çözümlenmesi önemli bir görüş olarak benimsenir. Federal sistemin açıklayan teorilerden biri olarak sosyolojik yaklaşım, federal sistemlerin oluşumu ile işleyişine ilişkin önemli katkılar sağlamış ve sağlamaya da devam etmektedir. Sosyolojik yaklaşımın temel hareket

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Federal Toplum, Federal Sistemin Sosyolojik Teorisi, Federalizm, Çeşitlilik içinde Birlik, Asimetrik ve Simetrik Federalizm.

Understanding the Federal Society: Overview of Sociological Approaches of the Federal Systems

Federal system where the constitution is the constituent elements of the definition of the form of government provides population of the various theories and concepts to the relative literature. This population becomes larger due to address different aspects of theoretical discussions of the system. Some discussions are inclining towards the formation of the federal system while others related to the function. In theoretical debates, firstly legal or constitutional approaches are discussed since the constitutions are the founding or constituent element of the system. Resolving in a single approach to the system may not always provide good and accurate results because of the dynamic nature of the federal system. Yet the federal system is discussed from the different point of view such political, economic, sociological and judicial as many. The sociological perspective is one of the approaches on the formation and functioning of the federal system significantly contributed and continues to do so relative literature. The basic point of the sociological approach is federalism. The approach gained the vital discussions to the literature focusing on the conceptual distinction between federalism and federal system. Hereby the literature focuses on the conceptual separation of federalism and the federal system. Another important phenomenon which is developed by the sociological approach is “federal society”. According to the approach, federal system does not constitute by a federal constitution, it is found in the federal community or society. Today as another important concept is unity in diversity debate rely on the intellectual foundations of sociological theory. In this paper, the sociological approach which contains important debate and discussion points will be considered together with the conceptual map

Keywords:

Federal Society, Sociological Theory of the Federal System,

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