Sağlıklı Yaşam: Gündelik Hayatta Karşılaştığımız Sağlık Risklerini Azaltabilir miyiz ?

Uzun ve sağlıklı bir yaşam her bireyin dileğidir. Bununla birlikte günümüzde birçok etken sağlıklı bir yaşam sürmemize engel olmaktadır. Bunlardan bir kısmı bireysel çabalarla önlenemese de önemli bir kısmı yaşam şekli değişikliği ile kişilerin kendilerinin değiştirebileceği faktörlerdir. Sağlıklı beslenme, fiziksel aktivitenin arttırılması, ideal vücut kilosunun korunması ve tütün kullanılmaması sağlıklı bir hayat için oldukça önemlidir. Bunların yaşam tarzı olarak benimsenmesi ile kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, kanser, diyabet ve hipertansiyon başta olmak üzere birçok kronik hastalık riskinin azaldığı gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca, sağlıklı yaşam tarzı, kronik hastalığı olanlarda da hastalıkların yönetiminde ve komplikasyonların önlenmesinde birçok medikal tedaviden üstündür. Bu yazıda sağlıklı beslenme, vücut ağırlığı, fiziksel aktivite ve tütün kullanımının sağlık üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sağlıklı yaşam, beslenme, obezite, fizik aktivite, tütün

Healthy Life: Can We Decrease Health Risks in Daily Life?

A long and healthy life is desired by every person. However, at the present time, many factors prevent people from living a healthy life. While some of them could not be avoided by personal efforts, a considerable number of factors can be changed by the effort of people themselves. Healthy eating, increased physical activity, maintaining ideal body weight and avoiding tobacco use are important components for a healthy life. Studies have shown that adopting these as a life style, decrease the risks formany chronic diseases particulary cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and hypertension. In addition, healthy life style is superior to many medical treatments in the management and prevention of the complications of chronic diseases. In this article, we investigated the effects of healty eating, body weight, physical activity and tobacco use on general health.

Keywords:

Healthy life, nutrition, obesity, physical activity, tobacco,

PDF

___

World Health Organization (WHO). What is a heathy lifestyle? http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/108180/1/EUR_ICP_LVNG_01_07_02.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 14.08.2017.
Ford ES, Bergmann MM, Kröger J, Schienkiewitz A, Weikert C, Boeing H. Healthy Living Is the Best Revenge: Findings From the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition–Potsdam Study. Arch Intern Med 2009;169(15):1355-62.
World Health Organization (WHO). Healthy diet. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs394/en/. Erişim tarihi: 14.08.2017.
Lanier JB, Bury DC, Richardson SW.Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Am Fam Physician 2016;93(11):919-24.
Ezzati M, Riboli E. Behavioral and Dietary Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases. N Engl J Med 2013;369:954-64.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). Risk factors contributing to chronic disease. Cat No. PHE 157. Canberra. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/chronic-disease/evidence-for-chronic-disease-risk-factors/summary. Erişim tarihi: 06.09.2017.
Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Obezite, Diyabet ve Metabolik Hastalıklar Daire Başkanlığı. Türkiye'de Obezitenin Görülme Sıklığı. http://beslenme.gov.tr/index.php?page=40. Erişim tarihi: 14.08.2017.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Losing Weight. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/losing_weight/index.html. Erişim tarihi: 15.08.2017.
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu. Türkiye Fiziksel Aktivite Rehberi, Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 940, 2. Basım. Ankara 2014. http://beslenme.gov.tr/content/files/basin_materyal/Fiziksel_aktivite_rehberi/farehberi_tr.pdf . Erişim tarihi: 06.09.2017.
Moore SC, Lee IM, Weiderpass E, et al. Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Risk of 26 Types of Cancer in 1.44 Million Adults. JAMA Intern Med 2016;176(6):816-25.
Warburton DER, Bredin SSD. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. CMAJ 2006;174(6):801-9.
Kokkinos P. Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Current Recommendations. Angiology 2008; 59 (Suppl 2): 26S-29S.
WHO. Physical activity. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs385/en/. Erişim tarihi: 14.08.2017. 14. Küresel Yetişkin Tütün Araştırması Türkiye 2012. Ankara: Anıl Matbaa; 2014.
Türk Toraks Derneği. Tütün ve Tütün Kontrolü, Toraks Kitapları, Sayı 10. İstanbul: Aves Yayıncılık: 2010. http://www.ssuk.org.tr/eski_site_verileri/pdf/TutunVeTutunKontrolu_17062010.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 14.08.2017.
Haziza C, de La Bourdonnaye G, Merlet S, et al. Assessment of the reduction in levels of exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents in Japanese subjects using a novel tobacco heating system compared with conventional cigarettes and smoking abstinence: A randomized controlled study in confinement. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016;81:489-99.
How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2010. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53017/. Erişim tarihi: 14.08.2017.
Córdoba R, Nerín I. Strategies for reducing risks in smoking: opportunity or threat. Arch Bronconeumol 2009;45(12):611-6.
Smith MR, Clark B, Lüdicke F, et al. Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. Part 1: Description of the system and the scientific assessment program. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016;81 (Suppl 2):17-26.
Britton J, Arnott D, McNeill A, et al. Nicotine without smoke-putting electronic cigarettes in context. BMJ 2016;353:i1745.
Royal College of Physicians. Fifty years since Smoking and health.
Progress, lessons and priorities for a smoke-free UK. Report of conference proceedings. https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/outputs/fifty-years-smoking-and-health. Erişim tarihi: 06.09.2017.
Gottlieb S, Zeller M. A Nicotine-Focused Framework for Public Health. N Engl J Med 2017, August 16 (published online). Doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1707409. Schaller JP, Keller D, Poget L, et al. Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. Part 2: Chemical Composition, Genotoxicity, Cytotoxicity, and Physical Properties of the Aerosol. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 81(Suppl 2):27-47.
Haziza C, de La Bourdonnaye G, Skiada D, et al. Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. Part 8: 5-Day randomized reduced exposure clinical study in Poland. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 81 (Suppl 2):139-50.
Pisinger C, Døssing M. A systematic review of health effects of electronic cigarettes. Prev Med 201;69:248-60 .