___

• 1. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/en/news-room/factsheets/detail/hepatitis-b 2017. Accessed on 15th April, 2018. 2. World Health Organization. http://www.who.Int/Topics/Hepatitis/En/. 2015. Accessed (20th March, 2018.) 3. Schweitzer A, Hor JJ, Mikolajczyk RT, Krause G, Ott JJ. Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013. Lancet 2015;386(No. 10003):1546–55. 4. Ghana Web. Ghana Rated High Risk for Hepatitis B and C. http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/health/Ghana-rated-high-risk for- Hepatitis-B-C-280781, Accessed on 20th March, 2018. 5. World Health Organization, Nigeria. http://www.afro.who.int/news/nigeria-employs-numerous-strategies-create-awareness-viral-hepatitis-nationwide, Accessed on 20th March, 2018. 6. Musa BM, Bussell S, Borodo MM, Samaila AA, Femi OL. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria, 2000-2013: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nig J Clinical Practice 2015;18;168-72. 7. Beutels P. Economic evaluations of hepatitis B immunization: A global review of recent studies (1994–2000). Health Econ 2001;10;751–74. 8. Ghana Health Service. Policy on Immunisation in Ghana; GHS, Ministry of Health: Accra, Ghana. https://www.ghanahealthservice.org/downloads/GHS%202008%20Annual%20Report%20Rev%20fin%2012-09-09.pdf, Accessed on 20th March, 2018. 9. National Programme on Immunization and Partners. Five Years National Strategic Plan 2003–2007. Abuja, Nigeria: 2002 National Programme on Immunization. 10. Abolaji BA, Obehi E, Innocent U, Folasade AB, Olayemi OO. Knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection, access to screening and vaccination among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2013;33:155–9. 11. Abdulai MA, Baiden F, Adjei G, Owusu-Agyei S. Low level of Hepatitis B knowledge and awareness among pregnant women in the Kintampo North Municipality: implications for effective disease control. Ghana medical journal 2016;50(3):157-62. 12. Tanko R., Mohamed M., Kwaku K, Elliot D. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus E antigen among Ghanaian blood donors. Pan African Medical Journal 2013;31;1-4. 13. Sylvester YL, Mavis PD, Gameli KN, et al. The Burden and Trend of Blood-Borne Pathogens among Asymptomatic Adult Population in Akwatia: A Retrospective Study at the St. Dominic Hospital, Ghana. Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017;10;1-7. 14. Alomatu H. HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis Infections Among Blood Donors in Koforidua, Ghana. University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences School of Public Health, Thesis (MPHIL), Ghana; 2016. 15. Williams W, Patrick H, Samuel A. Sero-Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Blood Donors: A Retrospective Study in the Kintampo Municipal Hospital, Ghana. Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014;4;64-9. 16. Julius TD, Sylvanus K, Ireneous NS, Patrick NA, Juventus BZ, Kenneth S. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors at the Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana. BMC Research Notes 2012;5;1-5. 17. Nkrumah B, Owusu M, Frempong HO, Averu P. Hepatitis B and C Viral Infections Among Blood Donors from Rural Ghana. Ghana Medical Journal 2011;45;97-100. 18. Mohamed M, Michael O, Theophilus BK, Tahiru A, Emmanuel A, Patrick WN. Risk factors associated with hepatitis B exposure and the reliability of five rapid kits commonly used for screening blood donors in Ghana. BMC Research Notes 2014;7;1-8. 19. Salawu L, Bolarinwa RA, Adegunloye AB, Muraina HA. HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and VDRL in blood donors: Prevalence and trends in the last three and a half years in a tertiary health care facility in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2010; 2; 335-41. 20. Salisu A, Muktar MD, Salisu AI, Abdulhadi Y, Umar MA. Survey on the Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Predisposing Factors among Blood Donors in Two General Hospitals in Jigawa State Nigeria. International Journal of Health and Medical Sciences 2017;3;29-37. 21. Opaleye OO, Tijani BA, Zakariyahu TO,Taiwo SS. Prevalence of HBsAg and HIV among blood donors in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2013;1;68-71. 22. Okwesili A, Usman I. Abubakar W, et al. Prevalence of transfusion - transmissible hepatitis B infection among blood donors in Sokoto, North Western, Nigeria. Health Sciences Research 2014;1;113-8. 23. Emmanuel N, Chinenye M, Ifeoma E. Occult hepatitis B viral infection among blood donors in South–Eastern Nigeria. Occult hepatitis B infection in Nigeria 2014;5;223-8. 24. Opaleye OO, Hoang VT, Sy BT, et al. Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nigerian Blood Donors and Hepatitis B Virus Transmission Risks. Occult Hepatitis B Virus in Nigerian Blood Donors 2015;10;1-13. 25. Adekanle O, Ndububa DA, Ayodeji OO, Paul OB, Folorunso TA. Sexual transmission of the hepatitis B virus among blood donors in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Singapore Med J 2010;12;944-7.