G5 Sahel'in Bölgesel Bir Güvenlik Entegrasyonuna Dönüşmesinin Önündeki Zorluklar

Afrika'nın eko-iklimsel bölgelerinden biri olan Sahel'in beş ülkesi Moritanya, Mali, Nijer, Çad ve Burkina Faso tarafından bölgesel bir kolektif güvenlik örgütü olarak kurulan G5 Sahel, üyeleri arasında güvenlik ve kalkınma stratejileri ve faaliyetlerinde uyumu hedefleyen alt-bölgesel bir uluslararası örgüttür. Nihai olarak bölgesel güvenlik entegrasyonunu hedefleyen ve umut vaat eden bu girişim, bugün işlevsiz ve başarısız bir girişim olarak kalma riskiyle karşı karşıyadır. Bu çalışma, G-5 Sahel'in bölgesel güvenlik entegrasyonuna doğru evrilmesinin önündeki sınamaları analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Güvenlik bölgeselciliğini ya da güvenliğin bölgeselleşmesini kavramsal ve teorik bir çerçevede inceleyen ilk bölümün ardından, G5 Sahel Örgütü'nün oluşturulduğu bağlam Kopenhag Okulu'nun Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi yaklaşımı çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Şiddet içeren aşırıcılığın güvenlikleştirildiği bir bölgesel güvenlik kompleksi örneği olarak Sahel'de G5 Sahel'in ne ifade ettiği üzerinde durulmaktadır. Son olarak, G-5 Sahel'in günümüzdeki işlevsiz görüntüsünün nedenleri ve gelecekte bölgesel güvenlik entegrasyonuna doğru evrilmesinin önündeki sınamalar, üye devletler, G5 Sahel Örgütü'nün iç dinamikleri ve bölgedeki uluslararası aktör ve faaliyetlerin fazlalığı argümanları etrafında tartışılmaktadır.

Challenges to The Evolution of G5 Sahel into A Regional Security Integration

Established as a regional collective security organization by Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, and Burkina Faso, the five countries of the Sahel, one of Africa's eco-climatic regions, the G5 Sahel is a sub-regional international organization that aims to harmonize security and development strategies and activities among its members. This promising initiative, which ultimately targeted regional security integration, is now at risk of becoming a dysfunctional and failed initiative. This paper seeks to analyze the challenges facing the evolution of the G5 Sahel towards regional security integration. Following the first part, which examines security regionalism or the regionalization of security in a conceptual and theoretical framework, the context in which the G5 Sahel Organization was created is examined within the approach of the Copenhagen School's Regional Security Complex. It focuses on what the G5 Sahel means in the Sahel as an example of a regional security complex in which violent extremism is securitized. Finally, the reasons for the current dysfunctional appearance of the G5 Sahel and the challenges to its future evolution towards regional security integration are debated around the arguments from the problems of member states, the internal dynamics of the G5 Sahel Organization, and the overabundance of international actors and activities in the region.

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