The Prague University was founded 1348 as the 27th one in Europe. The Medical Faculty was its part from the very begin, but the medical curriculum had for several hundreds years amedieval scholastic form, without anatomy. The history of the Czech anatomy started in fact in June 1600, when professor Johannes Jessenius presented the first public anatomical dissection in Prague. But the real development of the anatomy as a full-value part of the medical curriculum began in the Bohemian Kingdom first after the reforms of the Empress Maria Theresia and Emperor Josef the Second during the second half of the 18th century. Into a real scientific discipline it was fluently changed during the 19th century, when in Prag were acting many outstanding anatomists like Prochaska, Purkinje, Ilg, Hyrtl, Gruber, Bochdalek and others.