Turizmin Yerel Ekonomik Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi: Marmaris Otelcilik Endüstrisi Örneği

Turizm endüstrisi ekonomik büyüme, istihdam yaratma, ödemeler dengesi kısıtlarını kolaylaştırma ve yerli ve yabancı sermayeyi teşvik eden özelliklerden dolayı özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde lokomotif endüstriler arasında yer almaktadır. Ancak turizmin yerel ve ulusal net ekonomik etkilerinin belirlenebilmesi için öncelikle ekonomik sızıntıların tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. Turizmin yerel ekonomiye yaptığı katkıları ekonomik sızıntıları göz önünde bulundurarak ortaya koyan birçok uluslararası çalışma olmasına rağmen Türkiye'de böyle bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Alanyazındaki bu eksikliği gidermek amacıyla Muğla ilinin Marmaris ilçesinde faaliyet göstermekte olan 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otel ve tatil köylerinin yöneticilerine (52 tesisten 33 tanesi ile) yarı-yapılandırılmış anket uygulanmış ve Marmaris otelcilik endüstrisinde ekonomik sızıntılar ve bağlantılar tespit edilmiştir. Alan araştırmasından elde edilen veriler, Keynezyen çarpan yardımı ile otelcilik endüstrisinin gelir, istihdam ve vergi geliri üzerindeki etkileri tahmin etmek için kullanılmıştır. Tahminler turizm endüstrisinin Marmaris ekonomisi için lokomotif sektör olma özelliğini pekiştirici niteliktedir

Determination of Local Economic Impacts of Tourism: The Case Of Marmaris Hotel Industry

Tourism industry has been among the leading sectors for especially developing countries due to its contribution to economic growth, creation of employment, easing balance of payment constraints and encouragement of foreign direct investment. However, to assess the net local and nation-wide contribution of tourism sector, it is necessary to lay out the economic leakages. Although there are many international studies which investigated the local economic contribution of tourism sector taking into account the economic leakages, there is no such study for Turkey. To fill this gap, a detailed semi-structured questionnaire is applied to managers of 4 and 5-star hotels and holiday villages (33 out of 52) that are active in the district of Marmaris-Mugla-Turkey and economic leakages and linkages of Marmaris hotel sector has been identified. Data obtained from the field survey is used to estimate economic effects of hotel industry such as creation of employment and tax income and generation of income by hotels through Keynesian multiplier. The estimation results confirm that hotel industry has indeed a leading sector for the Marmaris economy

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