This article examines the question of state fragility and human security issues related to South Sudan. It shows that South Sudan is in a profound fragility because of the continual conflict that undermined its internal stability, the high rate of refugees that fled from it, the inability of the state to provide basic services to the population, the ineffectiveness of its institutions and the socioeconomic inequalities that the South Sudanese citizens face. As a result, this state fragility became an obstacle to the population's well-being by contributing to human insecurities related to economy, food, health, environment, personal safety, inter-communal relations, and political stability.