Burcu AKDENİZ, Abdullah YILMAZ, Yavuz BOZKURT

Kurumsal yapı ve işleyişiyle ABD'de kriz yönetimi

Uzun süre sadece özel işletmelerin çalışma alanların- dan biri olarak algılanan kriz yönetimi uygulamala- rının kamu kurumları açısından da yaşamsal öneme sahip bir konu olduğu özellikle son yıllarda yaşanan ve büyük halk kitlelerini maddi ve manevi anlamda olumsuz etkileyen birçok vaka dolayısıyla anlaşılmış ve kriz yönetimi kamu yönetimi disiplininin önem- i çalışma konularından biri haline gelmiştir. Kamu kurumları tarafından sağlanan hizmetin kalitesi ile lgili beklentilerin yükseldiği ve medya aracılığı ile her olayın kısa sürede ülkenin en uzak noktalarında bile duyularak tepki yaratabildiği günümüzde devletin tüm organları ile krizlere karşı hazırlıklı olması bir zorun- uluk halini almıştır. Kriz yönetimi alanında gerek teo- rik gerekse pratik çalışmaları açısından önemli ülkeler- den biri Amerika Birleşik Devletleridir. Kriz yönetimi le ilgili çalışmaların ve yapılanmanın öncülerinden sayılabilecek bu ülkedeki kriz yönetimi örgütlenmesi ülkenin genişliği ve siyasi yapılanmanın karmaşıklığı- na rağmen son derece anlaşılır ve görev paylaşımı açı- sından net bir şekilde oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca tüm so- rumluluğu devletin yüklenmediği ve gerek üniversiteler gerekse özel sektörün ve en önemlisi sade vatandaşların da aktif aktörler olarak yer bulduğu bu örgütlenme uy- gulamada yaşanabilen bazı aksaklıklara rağmen örnek alınmaya değerdir.

Crisis management in the USA in terms of ınstitutional structure and practice

After being evaluated as a topic of business administra- tion for a long time, the vital importace of crisis mana- gement for public administration was realized due to avariety of recent events affecting masses both financially and emotionally. As a result crisis management has be- come one of the important subjects of the discipline of public administration. The high expectations about the quality of services supplied by public institutions and the speed of the news spreading all over the country and causing reaction due to media and technology all have made it a must for the governments to be prepared aga- inst crises with all its bodies. In terms of theoretical and practical efforts in crisis management, the USA is one of the most important countries. As a leading country in terms of crisis management studies and organisati- on, the task sharing and institutional structuring in the USA seems to be quiet clear cut and easy to understand despite the size of the country and relatively compli- cated federal organization of the public sector. More- over, despite all the shortcomings and minor problems in practice, the USA constitutes a good model of crisis management system with its organisation in which the government does not bear all the responsibilities but shares them with the private sector, the universities and the most importantly citizens individually.

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