(ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) Ali TÜRKER Seval Yaman DERNEKBAŞI

Gökkuşağı alabalığı, (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (104.8±0.15g), performansı üzerine sınırlı yemlemenin etkilerini araştırmak için 7 hafta süresince ticari ekstrüde yemle yemlenmiştir. Her gün (TD), gün aşırı (EOD) ve üç günde bir (TDI) olmak üzere üç farklı yemleme frekansı uygulanmıştır. Balıklar 16 Ocak-4 Mart 2004 tarihleri arasında, 9-13ºC su sıcaklıklarında tatlı suda tutulmuştur. Yem dönüşüm oranları TD ve TDI gruplarında 1.33±0.03 ve EOD grubunda 1.54±0.01, Protein verimlilik oranları TDI grubunda 1.88±0.04, EOD grubunda 1.59±0.03 ve TD grubunda 1.85±0.04 arasında kaydedilmiştir. FCR değerleri TDI ve TD grupları arasında aynı olmasına rağmen, bu gruplar arasında ağırlık kazancı, spesifik büyüme oranı (SGR) ve oransal büyüme oranı (RGR) arasında önemli farklılıklar vardır. Bu gruplar yemi aynı oranda değerlerdirmişler fakat verilen yem miktarları farklı olduğu için yem miktarına bağlı olarak TD grubunda ağırlık kazancı, SGR ve RGR en yüksek kaydedilmiştir. Sınırlı oranda yemlenen balıkların yem değerlendirimi ne kadar iyi olsa da aldıkları yem miktarları balıkların büyüme parametrelerini oldukça önemli bir şekilde etkilemektedir. Oransal büyüme oranı (RGR), ağırlık kazancı ve spesifik büyüme oranı (SGR) EOD ve TDI gruplarında ise daha düşük bulunmuştur. Hem spesifik büyüme oranı hem de oransal büyüme oranı yemleme frekansının artışıyla birlikte artış göstermiştir. SGR ve RGR değerlerine bakılarak, gökkuşağı alabalığın için en iyi büyüme oranının 9-13ºC de her gün iki kez (TD) ve gün aşırı iki kez (EOD) yemlemeden elde edildiği sonucuna varılabilir

EFFECTS OF RESTRICTED FEEDING ON PERFORMANCES OF RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS)

Rainbow trout (104.8±0.15g), Oncorhynchus mykiss, were fed a commercial extruded pellet for 7 weeks to investigate the effect of restricted feeding on performances. Three restricted feeding were tested: two day intervals (TDI), every other day (EOD) and twice a day (TD). Fish were held in fresh water at 9-13°C from January 16 to March 4, 2004. Feed conversion rate (FCR) were TDI and TD groups 1.33±0.03 and EOD group 1.54±0.03, protein efficiency ratio (PER) were TDI group 1.88±0.04, EOD group 1.59±0.03 and TD group 1.85±0.04, respectively. Although FCR was the same between TDI and TD, there was a significant differences in weight gain, relative growth rate (RGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) between the groups. These group evaluated the food at the same rate but since the given food amount were different, the weight gain, SGR and RGR of TD were the highest dependent to the food amount. Although the FCR was good in restricted fed fish, the taken feed amount sigificantly affected the growth parameters of fish. Relative growth rate (RGR), weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) were lower in TDI and EOD groups. Both specific growth rate and relative growth rate increased with number of restricted feeding. The restricted feeding influenced the chemical composition of the fish. The lipid, moisture and protein content of fish increased when the fish were fd twice a day (TD group). In terms of SGR and RGR, it can be concluded that the best growth rate was obtained from the fish fed twice a day (TD) and every other day (EOD) feeding for rainbow trout at 9-13ºC.

Keywords:

Restricted feeding, growth, feed efficiency rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss,

PDF

___

Alanara, A., 1992. Demand Feeding as a Self-regulating Feeding System for Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Net-pens. Aquaculture, 108: 347-356.

AOAC, 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th edn. Vol.1, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Md. USA.

Çelikkale, M.S., 1994. İç Su Balıkları ve Yetiştiriciliği. Cilt 1. KATÜ, Sürmene Deniz Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi Yük. Okulu., Fak. Derg., 16 (2): 1-9.

Charles, P.M., Sebastian, S.M., Raj, M.C.V. and Marian, M.P., 1984. Effect of Feeding Frequency on Growth and Food Conversion, Cyprinus carpio Fry. Aquaculture,40:293-300.

Grayton, B.D. and Beamish, F.W.H., 1977. Effects of Feeding Frequency on Feed intake, Growth and Body Composition of Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Aquaculture, 11: 159-172.

Jobling, M., Koskela, J. and Pirhonen, J., 1998. Feeding time, Feed intake and Growth of Baltic salmon, Salmo and Brown trout, Salo trutta, Reared in Monoculture and Duoculture at Constant Low Temperature. Aquaculture, 163:73-84.

Kono, H. and Nose, Y., 1971. Relationship between the amount of food taken and growth in fishes. I. Frequency of feeding for a maximum daily ration. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish., 37: 169-173.

Lee, S-M., Cho, S.H. and Kim, D-J., 2000. Effects of Feeding Frequency and Dietary Energy Level on Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus Temminck & Schlegel. Aquaculture Research, 31: 917-921.

McCarthy, I.D., Carter, C.G. and Houlihan,D.F., 1992. The Effect of Feeding Hierarchy on Individual Variability in Daily Feeding of Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Biology, 41: 257-263.

National Academy Press (NAP) 1993. Nutrient Requirements of Fish. Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture, Natl. Acad. Press., Washington, DC.

Ogata, H.Y., Oku, H. and Murai, T., 2002. Growth, Feed Efficiency and Feed intake of Offsring from Selected and Wild Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquaculture, 211: 183-193.

Okumuş, I. and Mazlum, M.D., 2002. Evaluation of Commercial Trout Feeds: Feed Consumption, Growth, Feed Conversion, Carcass Composition and Bio- economic Analysis. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2: 101-107.

Pantazis, P.A. and Neofitou, C.N., 2003. Feeding Frequency and Feed intake in the African Cat fish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 55: 160-168.

Pouomogne V. and Mbongblang, J., 1993. Effect of Feeding rate on the Growth of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Earthen Ponds. The İsraeli Journal of Aquaculture- Bamidgeh, 45: 147-153.

Riche, M., Oetker, M., Haley, D.I., Smith, T. And Garling, D.L., 2004. Effect of Feeding Frequency on Consumption, Growth, and Efficiency in Juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The İsraeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 56: 247-255.

Ruohonen, K., Vielma, J. and Grove, D.J., 1998. Effects of Feeding Frequency on Growth and Food Utilisation of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed Low-fat Herring or Dry Pellets. Aquaculture, 165: 111-121.

Sampath, K., 1984. Preliminary Report on the Effects of Feeding Frequency in Channa striatus. Aquaculture, 40:301-306.

Storebakken, T., Hung, S.S.O., Calvert, C.C. and Plisetskaya, E.M., 1991. Nutrient Partitioning in Rainbow trout at Different Feeding rates. Aquaculture, 96:191-203.

Sveier, H. and Lied, E., 1998. The Effect of Feeding Regime on Growth, Feed Utilisation and Weight Dispersion in Large Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Reared in seawater. Aquaculture, 165: 333-345.

Türker, A., Yiğit, M. And Ergün, S., 2005. Growth and Feed Utilisation in Juvenile Black Sea Turbot ( Psetta maeotica) Under Different Photoperiod Regimes. Türk J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 29: 1203-1208.

Valente, L.M.P., Fauconneau, B., Games, E.F.S. and Boujard, T., 2001. Feed intake and Growth of Fast and Slow Growing Strains of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed by Automatic Feeders or by Self-feeders. Aquaculture, 195: 121-131.

Wang, N., Hayward, R.S. and Noltie, D.B., 1998. Effect of Feeding Frequency on Food Consumption, Growth, Size Variation, and Feeding Pattern of Age-0 Hybrid Sunfish. Aquaculture, 165: 261-267.

Yigit, M., Yardim, O. and Koshio, S., 2002. The Protein Sparing Effects of High Lipid Levels in Diets for Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W. 972) with Special Reference to Reduction of Total Nitrogen Excretion. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture- Bamidgeh, 54: 79-88.

Zhou, B.Z., Cui, Y., Xie, S., Zhu, X., Lei, W., Xue, M. and Yang, Y., 2003. Effect of Feeding Frequency on Growth, Feed Utilization, and Size Variation of Juvenile Gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). J. Appl. Ichthyol., 19: 244-249.