Erkut PEKŞEN, Cengiz TOKER, Muhammed FAROOQ, Funda Öncü CEYLAN, Tariq AZİZ

Determination of promising high yielded mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotypes under Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey

Bu çalışmada, 20 maş fasulyesi (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotipi Türkiye'nin Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde Samsun şartlarına adaptasyon yetenekleri ve yetiştirilebilme olanakları bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Denemede Türkiye'de lokal olarak yetiştirilen 3 ve 17 yabancı kaynaklı maş fasulyesi genotipi kullanılmıştır. Tarla denemesi Şansa Bağlı Bloklar deneme desenine göre dört tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Maş fasulyesi genotipleri ilk çiçeklenme ve ilk meyve tutumuna kadar geçen gün sayısı, bitki boyu, bakla sayısı ve boyutları, baklada tane sayısı, 100 tane ağırlığı, hasat indeksi ve tohum verimi bakımından önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir. En yüksek tohum verimi CN95 (1120.51 kg ha-1) genotipinden elde edilmiş, bunu CD3 ve Basanti (sırasıyla 955.00 ve 902.91 kg ha-1) genotipleri izlemiştir. 100 tane ağırlığı bakımından üstün genotipler CN95 (6.26 g), KPS1 (6.20 g) ve KPS2 (6.17 g) olarak belirlenmiştir. İlk bakla bağlama başlangıç süresi (r= 0.996**), bitki başına salkım sayısı (r= 0.677**), bitki boyu (r= 0.851**), ilk bakla yüksekliği (r= 0.872**) ve hasat indeksi (r= -0.702**) ilk çiçeklenmeye kadar geçen gün sayısı ile çok önemli ilişkiler göstermiştir. Bitkide bakla sayısı ve 100 tane ağırlığı (r=-0.551*) arasında negatif bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Hasat indeksi tohum verimi ile olumlu ilişki (r= 0.603**) göstermiştir. Kök/gövde oranı ve hasat indeksi artan bitki boyu ile azalmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları ümit verici bulunmuş ve maş fasulyesinin Türkiye'nin Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinin hem ılıman sahil kuşağı hem de kurağa eğilimli daha iç bölgelerindeki baklagil çiftçileri için bir seçenek olabileceği konusunda bazı önemli ipuçları vermiştir.

the Middle Black Sea Region, Turkey. Türkiye'nin Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi koşullarında yüksek tohum verimi bakımından ümitvar maş fasulyesi (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotiplerinin belirlenmesi ÖZET

In this study, 20 mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotypes were evaluated regarding their adaptation ability and cultivating possibility as a new crop for the legume farmers in Samsun, Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. Three mungbean genotypes locally grown in Turkey and 17 exotic genotypes were used in the study. Field experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Mungbean genotypes exhibited significant differences for days to first flowering and pod setting, plant height, number and size of pods, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, harvest index and seed yield. CN95 produced the highest seed yield (1120.51 kg ha-1), followed by CD3 and Basanti (955.00 and 902.91 kg ha-1, respectively). CN95 genotype has higher 100-seed weight (6.26 g) followed by KPS1 (6.20 g) and KPS2 (6.17 g). Days to first pod setting (r= 0.996**), number of racemes per plant (r= 0.677**), plant height (r= 0.851**), first pod height (r= 0.872**) and harvest index (r= - 0.702**) strongly correlated with days to first flowering. There was negative association between pod number per plant and 100 seed weight (r= -0.551*). Harvest index showed positive correlation with seed yield (r= 0.603**). Root to shoot ratio and harvest index decreased with the increasing plant height. The study results were promising and gave some important evidences about mungbean cultivation might be a good alternative for legume farmers in both temperate coastal belt and inner drought prone locations of the Middle Black Sea Region, Turkey.

PDF

___

References Akdağ, C. 1995. Tokat şartlarında ekim zamanının maş fasulyesinin (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) dane verimi ve diğer bazı özelliklere etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12: 135-140.
Algan, N., Çelen, A.E. 2011. Evaluation of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) as green manure in Aegean conditions in terms of soil nutrition under different sowing dates. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(7): 1744-1749.
Ali, M., Malik, I.A., Sabir, H.M., Ahmad B. 1997. The mungbean green revolution in Pakistan. Technical Bulletin No. 24. The World Vegetable Center (AVRDC). Shanhua, Taiwan, ROC. 66 p. Amanullah, H.M., Hatam, M. 2000. Correlation between grain yield and agronomic parameters in mungbean Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcizk. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(8): 1242-1244.
Amjad, I., Khalil, I.A., Shah, H. 2003. Nutritional yield and amino acid profile of rice protein as influenced by nitrogen fertilizer. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 19: 127-134.
Amjan, S., Hassan, M.U. 2002. Association analysis for certain plant characteristics in some local and exotic strains of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). Asian Journal of Plant Science, 1: 697-698.
Anwari, M., Soehendi, R. 1999. Improvement of component technology to increase legume and tuber plants productivity. Malang (Indonesia) Balitkabi, 12(1): 46-51.
Baskaran, L., Sundaramoorthy, P., Chidambaram, A., Ganesh, K.S. 2009. Growth and physiological activity of Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) under effluent stress. International Journal of Botany, 2(2): 107-114.
Begum, S., Noor, M., Hassan, G., Rahman, H.U., Durrishawar, Ullah, H., Jan, M. 2012. Genotypic association among yield and related attributes in mungbean genotypes. International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science, 2(5): 188-193.
Çancı, H., Toker, C. 2005. Maş fasulyesinde [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] verim ve verim kriterlerinin belirlenmesi için geniş anlamda kalıtım derecesi tahminleri. GAP IV. Tarım Kongresi, 21-23 Eylül 2005, Şanlıurfa.
Çancı, H., Toker C. 2014. Yield components in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 9(2): 258-261.
Del Rosario, D.A., Ocampo, E.T.M. Sumague A.C., Paje, M.C.M. 1992. Adaptation of vegetable legumes to drought stress. In: Adaptation of food crops to temperature and water stress: Proceedings of an International Symposium. (C.G. Kue. ed). Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center. Publictaion No. 93-410. pp 360-371.
Gebeloğlu, N., Yazgan, A. 1992a. Mungo fasülyesi (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)'in Tokat ekolojik koşullarına adaptasyonu üzerinde araştırmalar-II (Verim özellikleri). C.Ü. Tokat Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(l): 76-85.
Gebeloğlu, N., Yazgan, A. 1992b. Mungo fasülyesi (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)'in Tokat ekolojik koşullarına adaptasyonu üzerinde araştırmalar-I (Bitkisel özellikler). C.Ü. Tokat Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9 (l): 65-75.
Ghafoor, A., Zubair, M., Malik, B.A. 1993. Harvest index in mungbean. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 14(4): 309-313.
Gul, R., Ali, S., Khan, H., Nazia, Ali, F., Ali, I. 2007. Variability among mungbean (Vigna radiata) genotypes for yield and yield components grown in Peshawar Valley. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 2(3): 6-9.
Islam, M.T., Haque, M.M. Islam, M.O. Malek, M.A. Hoque. M.E. 1999. Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Bangladesh J. Scient. Indus. Res., 34: 103-107.
Kataria, A., Chauhan, B.M., Punia, D. 1989. Antinutrients and protein digestibility (in vitro) of mungbean as affected by domestic processing and cooking. Food Chemistry, 32: 9-17.
Keatinge, J.D.H., Easdown, W.J., Yang, R.Y., Chadha, M.L., Shanmugasundaram, S. 2011. Overcoming chronic malnutrition in a future warming world: The key importance of mungbean and vegetable soybean. Euphytica, 180: 129- 141.
Malik, M.F.A., Awan, S.I., Niaz, S. 2008. Comparative study of quantitative traits and association of yield and its components in black gram (Vigna mungo) genotypes. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 7: 26-29.
Mansoor, M., Khan, H., Ayaz, M., Zubair, M., Nadim, M.A. 2010. Effect of different planting densities on some physiological parameters of mungbean. Gomal University Journal of Research, 26(2): 1-8.
Pratap, A., Basu, P.S., Gupta, S., Malviya1, N., Rajan, N., Tomar, R., Madhavan, L., Nadarajan, N., Singh, N.P. 2014. Identification and characterization of sources for photo- and thermo-insensitivity in Vigna species. Plant Breeding, 133(6): 756-764.
Pratap, A., Gupta, D.S., Singh, B.B., Kumar, S. 2013. Development of super early genotypes in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Legume Research, 36: 105-110.
Rahman, M., Hussain, M. 2003. Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in mungbean. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 2(17): 1209-1211.
Sahrawat, K.L., Rego, T.J., Wani, S.P., Pardhasaradhi, G. 2008. Stretching soil sampling to watershed: Evaluation of soil-test parameters in a semi-arid tropical watershed. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 39: 2950-2960.
Saini, M., Singh, S., Hussain, Z., Yadav, A. 2010. RAPD analysis in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]: I. Assessment of genetic diversity. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 9: 137- 146.
Sekhon, H.S. 2008. Vigna in cropping system. In: MC Kharkwal, editor. Proceedings of the fourth international food legumes research conference. New Delhi: Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding, p. 675-682.
Shanmugasundaram, S., Keatinge, J.D.H., Hughes, J.A. 2009. The mungbean transformation: Diversifying crops, defeating malnutrition. pp. 381-406. In: Spielman, D.J. and Pandya- Lorch, R. (Eds.). Proven successes in Agricultural DevelopmentA technical compendium to Millions Fed, an IFPRI 2020 Book. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., USA. Sharma, J.D., Gupta, V.P. 1994. Selection parameters in inter- specific derivatives of urbean and mungbean. Ind. J. Pulses Res., 7(2): 174-176.
Singh, G., Sekhon, H.S., Singh, G., Brar, J.S., Bains, T.S., Shanmugasundaram, S. 2011. Effect of plant density on the growth and yield of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes under different environments in India and Taiwan. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 1: 1-11.
Steel, R.G.D., Torrie J.H., Dickey, D.A. 1997. Principles and procedures of statistics: a biometric approach. 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc., New York. USA.
Şahin, H. 1986. Çukurova Koşullarında Maş Fasulyesinde (Vigna radiata L.) Altı Değişik Ekim Zamanının Bitkide Tane Verimi ve Bazı Tarımsal Karakterlere Etkilerinin Araştırılması. Ç.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 43 s., Adana.
Toker, C., Çancı, H., HAQ, M.A., Çağırgan, M.I. 2002. Evaluation for agronomic, morphologic and phenologic characters of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes in the lowland of the West Mediteranean Region of Turkey. Turk. J. Field Crops, 7(2): 78-83.
Tomooka, N., Lairungreang, C., Nakeeraks, P., Egawa, Y., Thavarasook, C. 1992. Center of genetic diversity and dissemination pathways in mungbean deduced from seed protein electrophoresis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 83: 289-293
TÜİK, 2013. Agriculture Statistics of Turkey. Zubair, M., Ajmal, S. U., Anwar, M., Haqqani, A.M. 2007. Multivariate analysis for quantitative traits in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Pak. J. Bot., 39(1): 103-113.