Mehmet YILDIRIM, Cuma AKINCI, Müjde KOÇ, Celalettin BARUTÇULAR

Bitki örtüsü serinliği ve klorofil miktarının makarnalık buğday ıslahında kullanım olanakları

Buğdayda seleksiyon unsuru olarak kullanılan fizyolojik özellikler verim yönünden genetik ilerlemeyi artırmada önemli bir etkiye sahip olup, buğday ıslahında tamamlayıcı unsur olarak görevleri ve etki mekanizmaları yoğun bir şekilde araştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışma 2006-2007 buğday yetiştirme sezonunda, üç yerel ve üç güncel makarnalık buğday çeşidi ve bunların 6 x 6 yarım diallel F1 melez kombinasyonlarında bitki örtüsü serinliği (BÖS) ve klorofil içeriğinin (SPAD) ıslahta kullanılabilirliğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. İki farklı günde ve günün farklı saatlerinde ölçülen BÖS değerleri çevre koşullarına bağlı olarak büyük değişkenlik göstermiş ve genotipler arasında önemli farklar oluşmuştur. Basaklanma ve erken hamur olum döneminde ölçülen SPAD değerleri yönünden genotipler arasında önemli farkların olduğu saptanmıştır. Yarım diallel analiz sonuçlarına göre BÖS’nin kalıtımında hem eklemeli hem de eklemeli olamayan genler, SPAD’ın kalıtımında ise eklemeli olmayan genler etkili bulunmuştur. BÖS yönünden ‘1x4’, ‘1x5’ ve ‘1x6’ nolu melez kombinasyonlarının bitki örtüsü daha serin bulunurken, SPAD yönünden anaçlar arasında ‘Zenit’, melezler arasında ise ‘3x6’ ve ‘1x4’ nolu melezler sırasıyla basaklanma ve erken hamur olum dönemlerinde yüksek değer göstermişlerdir. Ele alınan anaç ve melezlerden bazılarının BÖS açısından iyi sonuçlar verdiği ve SPAD değerinin erken açılma kuşaklarında (F1) yüksek verimli hatların tespitinde bir seleksiyon unsuru olabileceği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Applicability of canopy temperature depression and chlorophyl content in durum wheat breeding

Selection criteria based on physiological traits, have significant impact to increase genetic improvement in wheat yield. The role and mechanism of physiological traits have been intensively studied as complementary tool in wheat breeding. This experiment was conducted to investigate application possibilities of canopy temperature depression (CTD) and chlorophyll content (SPAD unit) in wheat breeding. Six durum wheat parents (3 landraces and 3 modern cultivars) and their 6 x 6 half-sib F1 diallel cross progenies were grown in field conditions at 2006-2007 growing season. CTD, measured in different times of two different days, was affected by environmental conditions. Significant differences were detected among genotypes for CTD. SPAD values measured at heading and early dough stage. Significant differences were found among genotypes for SPAD values in both measuring stages. The heritability of CTD was related to both additive and non-additive gene actions, while SPAD was mediated mainly by non-additive gene effects. The hybrids of 1x4’, ‘1x5’ and ‘1x6’ showed high CTD values. Among parents ‘Zenit’ showed highest SPAD value at both measuring times, while the hybrids of ‘3x6’ and ‘1x4’ had highest SPAD values at heading time and early dough stage, respectively. The results indicated that CTD values of parental lines and some of their hybrids showed favorable results. The results also showed that SPAD values could be used as selection criteria to define high yielding breeding lines at early segregation of progenies.

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