2,4-D (Diklorofenoksiasetik Asit) HERBİSİTİ UYGULANAN KİL VE KUM BÜNYELİ TOPRAKTA KATALAZ AKTİVİTESİ VE KİNETİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Kil ve kum bünyeli topraklara artan düzeylerde (0.5 ppb, 1 ppb ve 2 ppb) 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbisit uygulanmasının toprakların katalaz enzim aktivitesi ve reaksiyonunun kinetik parametreleri (Vmax, Km ve Vmax/Km) üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Toprakların nem içerikleri deneme süresince her gün tartılarak maksimum su kapasitesinin %40’ı seviyesine tamamlanmıştır. Enzim reaksiyonuna ait kinetik parametreler, denemenin 15., 30., 45., 60., 75., ve 90. günlerinde alınan toprak örneklerinin farklı substrat konsantrasyonlarındaki zamana bağlı katalaz enzim aktiviteleri belirlenerek hesaplanmıştır. Topraklara artan düzeylerde ilave edilen 2,4-D herbisitinin katalaz aktivitesinde meydana getirdiği değişimlerde dozlar arasında farklılıklar bulunmaz iken, inkübasyon dönemleri arasında önemli farklılıklar (%1) saptanmıştır. Her iki toprakta da inkübasyonun 15. gününde en yüksek katalaz aktivitesi seviyesi belirlenmiştir. Kil bünyeli toprakta denemenin 30. gününde, kum bünyeli toprakta ise 45. gününde katalaz aktivitesinde önemli azalmalar meydana gelmiş ve bu dönemlerden sonra katalaz aktivitesindeki değişimler istatistiksel açıdan önemsiz bulunmuştur. Kil bünyeli toprakta Vmax, Km, Vmax/Km parametrelerinin kontrol, 0.5 ppb, 1 ppb ve 2 ppb 2,4-D uygulamaları için ortalama değerleri sırasıyla 0.785, 1.016, 0.923, 0.888 ml O2/gsn, 2.608, 3.464, 2.953, 2.697 ml O2/g, 0.428, 0.410, 0.418, 0.463 1/sn olarak, kum bünyeli toprakta ise 0.201, 0.211, 0.298, 0.232 mlO2/gsn, 0.422, 0.355, 0.629, 0.255 mlO2/g, 0.839, 1.832, 1.103, 1.462 1/sn olarak saptanmıştır. INVESTIGATION OF CATALASE ACTIVITY AND KINETIC PARAMETERS OF CLAY AND SAND TEXTURED SOILS WITH 2,4-D (Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) HERBICIDE APPLIED Effects of increasing dose applications (0.5 ppb, 1 ppb and 2 ppb) of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide on changes in catalase enzyme activity and kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km and Vmax/Km) in clay and sand textured soil were investigated depending on substrate concentrations. Moisture contents of the soils were completed to 40% of maximum moisture holding capacity by weighing them daily. Kinetic parameters of enzyme activity were calculated using the enzyme activities in different substrate concentrations of the soil samples taken 15., 30., 45., 60., 75. and 90. days of the experiment. In increasing applications of 2,4-D herbicide, significant differences (%1) were determined among the incubation periods while effect of increasing doses on catalase enzyme activity was not significant. The highest catalase activity in both clay and sand textured soils was determined in 15 days of incubation. Catalase activities in clay and sandy soil decreased after 30 and 45 days of incubation, respectively. After these days, changes in catalase activities were found to be non significant statistically. While the mean values of Vmax, Km, Vmax/Km parameters in control, 0.5 ppb, 1 ppb and 2 ppb 2,4-D applications for clay soil were 0.785, 1.016, 0.923, 0.888 mlO2/g sec, 2.608, 3.464, 2.953, 2.697 mlO2/g, 0.428, 0.410, 0.418, 0.463 1/sec, respectively, these values for sandy soil were determined to be 0.201, 0.211, 0.298, 0.232 mlO2/g sec, 0.422, 0.355, 0.629, 0.255 mlO2/ g, 0.839, 1.832, 1.103, 1.462 1/sec, respectively.

Keywords:

Kil ve kum bünyeli toprak, katalaz aktivitesi, 2 4-D herbisiti, kinetik parametreler,

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