COVID-19 Salgını Sırasında Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Uygulamaları

SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün neden olduğu COVID-19 hastalığı, dünya genelinde büyük bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline geldi. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ), yeni koronavirüs salgınını önce “uluslararası endişe veren bir halk sağlığı acil durumu” ardından “pandemi” olarak ilan etti. SARS-CoV-2, hedef hücrelere girişte SARS-CoV ile aynı reseptörleri (ACE2) kullanmakla birlikte daha yüksek bağlanma afinitesine sahiptir. İnsan vücuduna girdikten sonra SARS-CoV-2, etkilenen hastaların tükürük ve nazofaringeal salgılarında bol miktarda bulunur. Bu nedenle yayılımının genellikle damlacık ve aerosol solunumu/teması ile olduğu düşünülmektedir. COVID-19’un insandan insana doğrudan veya dolaylı bulaşma yolları değerlendirildiğinde, dental ortamlardaki hastalık bulaşma ve çapraz enfeksiyon riski yüksektir. COVID-19 olgu serilerinden edinilen verilere göre; hastalığın ateş, kuru öksürük, yorgunluk gibi tipik semptomlarından önce tat ve koku kaybı gibi erken semptomları olabilmektedir. SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün ilk giriş yerinin üst solunum yolu mukozası olması, diş hekimlerinin COVID-19’un erken teşhisinde ve bulaşmasını önlemede büyük role sahip olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bu makale, uluslararası sağlık otoritelerinin yönergelerine uygun olarak COVID-19 salgını döneminde diş hekimliği uygulamalarına, ağız, diş ve çene cerrahisi operasyonlarına yönelik enfeksiyon kontrolü ve hasta yönetimine dair kapsamlı bir protokol sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pandemi, diş hekimliği uygulamaları, enfeksiyon kontrolü, kişisel koruyucu donanım

Oral and Dental Health Practıce Durıng The COVID-19 Pandemıc

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major public health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization has first declared the new coronavirus epidemic as a “public health emergency of internationally concern” and afterwards a “pandemic”. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells through ACE2, the same host cell receptor, but has a higher binding affinity compared to SARS-CoV. Once entering the mucasal epithelial cells, SARS-CoV-2 becomes abundant in the saliva and nasopharyngeal secretions of affected patients. Therefore, the spread is generally thought to be due to droplet and aerosol exposure. When direct and indirect ways of transmission of COVID-19 from human to human are evaluated, the risk of disease transmission and cross infection in dental environments is considerably high. According to the data obtained from COVID-19 case series; the disease may have early symptoms such as loss of taste, loss of smell and dry mouth before typical symptoms of fever, dry cough, and fatigue. This supports the hypothesis that the first port of entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the upper respiratory mucosa. Dentists therefore play a vital role in the early diagnosis and preventing transmission of COVID-19. This article aims to provide a comprehensive protocol regarding infection control and patient management for dentistry practices and oral and maxillofacial surgery operations during the COVID-19 pandemic, in accordance with the guidelines of international health institutions.

Keywords:

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pandemic, dentistry practice, infection control, personal protective equipment,

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