The question of inviting international election observers to monitor an election is one of the mostcontroversial issues in Africa. Most of the time, the presence of international election monitors inemerging democracies is important to measure whether or not an election is conducted in a free andfair manner. But, sometimes it is regarded as the violation of a nation’s sovereignty.The major aim of this paper is to investigate the role and scope of international election observation.The paper looks at the importance of international election observation through the lens of a specificcase study, the Ethiopian parliamentary election of 2005, which was without doubt the most‘monitored’ election in the history of the nation. It also describes the merits and demerits of involvinginternational election monitors in the election processes in emerging democracies in Africa. In thispaper, international election monitors of three major institutions namely, the European Union ElectionObservation Mission (EU-EOM); the Carter Center, and the African Union (AU) election observers’team are presented as case studies.Key words: Africa, Democracy, Election, Ethiopia, International Election Observers.