YAHUDİ DİASPORASI DİASPORA ÇALIŞMALARINDA BİR İDEAL TİP OLARAK KALMALI MI?1

Diaspora literatürünün öncü eserlerinde Yahudi diasporası örneği bir "ideal tip" olarak değerlendirilmiş, Yahudi diasporasının sahip olduğu birçok özellik, bir topluluğun diaspora olarak etiketlenmesinde kıstas konumuna taşınmıştır. Ancak, diaspora literatüründe son yıllarda söz konusu ideal tipleştirmeye karşı, diaspora kavramını daha esnek kıstaslarla tanımlayan eserler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, öncelikle diaspora literatürünü Yahudi ideal tipleştirmesine karşı tavrı bağlamında sınıflandırmış ve "Yahudi diasporası diaspora çalışmalarında bir ideal tip olarak kalmalı mı?" sorusuna anlamlı bir cevap vermeyi amaçlamıştır. ilişkilendirilerek yekparelik vurgusuyla yanlış ve/veya eksik bir biçimde tanımlanan diasporaların içyapılarındaki heterojenliğe dikkat çeken bir yaklaşım önerilmiştir. Bu yaklaşımın diaspora kavramını aşırı esnetmesinin yaratacağı sıkıntıları aşabilmek amacıyla bir topluluğun diaspora olarak etiketlenmesinde "diasporik bilinç" bir kıstas noktasına taşınmıştır

SHOULD JEWISH DIASPORA STAY AS AN IDEAL TYPE IN DIASPORA STUDIES?

The major intellectual forerunners of the diaspora literature had considered the Jewish diaspora as an “ideal type”, and assigned the characteristics of the Jewish diaspora as criteria for labeling diasporas. However, in recent studies, flexible definitions of diaspora emerged in reaction to the scientific idealization of the Jewish diaspora example. This study firstly classified diaspora literature according to its reaction towards the idealization of the Jewish example and sought to give a meaningful answer to the question “Should Jewish diaspora stay as an ideal type in diaspora studies?”. The study also proposed an approach that remarked the intra-heterogeneity of diaspora groups - which were often incorrectly and/or incompletely defined with an emphasis on their so-called monolithic ethnicity. In order to overcome the difficulties caused by the over stretching of the term “diaspora” in line with the proposed approach, the term “diasporic consciousness” is suggested as a criterion in labeling diasporas

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