HOW LIBERAL IS NEOLIBERALISM? RETHINKING THE CONCEPTIONS OF THE WELFARE STATE, LEGISLATIVE ORGANS, SOCIAL JUSTICE, AND COMPETITION IN HAYEK’S THOUGHT

With the expansion of US-led economic policy following the economic depression of the 1970s and the proliferation of new information and communication technologies, the 1980s became a crucial period signaling dramatic changes all around the world. By the end of these years, the Keynesian economy, which accredited states as active and interventionist players in the economy in order to ensure both growth and equity, began to break down. In this period economic liberalism gained power again and political and economic theories and practices turned towards neoliberalism. As a result, deregulation, privatization and the withdrawal of the state from many areas were accelerated. All these changes were significant and affected the structure of almost everything, including education, culture, life and trends in thought. Friedrich A. von Hayek was one of the pioneers of this transformation. Therefore, this descriptive study attempts to understand the points where neoliberalism combines with liberalism and how it is separated from liberalism through Hayek's views about the welfare state, legislative body, social justice, and competition terms. In other words, this study aims to explore the extent to which Hayek’s neoliberalism is a continuation or a break from liberalism.

NEOLİBERALİZM NE KADAR LİBERAL? HAYEK’İN REFAH DEVLET, YASAL ORGAN, SOSYAL ADALET VE REKABET KAVRAMLARINI YENİDEN DÜŞÜNMEK

Yeni bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin kullanılmaya başlandığı ve 1970’lerde tüm dünyada yaşanan ekonomik krizin ardından ABD’nin yönlendirdiği ekonomi politikalarının yaygınlaştığı 1980’ler bir dönüm noktası haline geldi. Devleti hem büyüme hem de eşitliği sağlamak üzere aktif ve müdahaleci oyuncular olarak gören Keynesyen ekonomi, bu dönemde gücünü kaybetti. Refah devlet modelinin parçalanması sonucu deregülasyon, özelleştirme ve devletin birçok alanda geri çekilmesi tüm dünyada yaygınlaşmaya başladı. Bütün bu önemli değişiklikler neredeyse her şeyi etkiledi. Sadece ekonomik ve politik düzen değil, aynı zamanda ekonomi ve politika değişiklikleri bağlamında eğitim, kültür, yaşam ve düşünce biçimleri gibi birçok alanda da değişimler gündeme geldi. Ekonomik liberalizmin yeniden güç kazandığı ve siyasi ve ekonomik arenada teori ve uygulamaların neoliberalizme döndüğü bu dönemde, neoliberalizmin öncülerinden biri de Friedrich A. von Hayek idi. Neoliberalizmin yaygınlaşmasında etkin bir rol oynamış olmasına rağmen çok fazla tanınan bir düşünür olmamıştır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, günümüzde hala etkisi yıkıcı süren neoliberal geleneğin önemli aktörlerinden biri olan Hayek’in refah devlet, yasama organı, sosyal adalet ve rekabet terimleri üzerinden neoliberalizmin temel dinamiklerini ortaya koymayı çalışmaktadır.

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