GENDEREDNESS IN ENGOs: A COMPARATIVE INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM AND TURKEY

This paper analyses the gendered organisational practices of Environmental Non-Governmental Organisations (ENGOs) in the United Kingdom (UK) and Turkey and the possible outcomes of these practices on gender compositions in senior roles. Since gender is an important element in organisations, it is expected to have implications for policies of ENGOs. The research on which this paper is based was undertaken as part of a Ph.D. which examined the gendered nature of ENGOs in Turkey and the UK. The research revealed how and why ENGOs are gendered especially in positions of power and influence. This is an important question because of pressure groups’ influence on environmental decision-making, and yet it has largely been neglected until now. This research revealed that while the ENGO sector is dominated by young single middle-class female employees, white, middle class men are in charge of the decision-making. It showed that the ENGOs reflect the rest of the society and its dominant patriarchal values. The research concluded that gender-biased working practices such as culture of long working hours, lack of formal recruitment and promotion procedures and short-term contract work relations limit career progression of women. This is due to the gendered roles and the traditional division of work in society (the gender division of labour), where triple workload of women remains invisible as a result of patriarchal and capitalist relations existing in both societies.

ÇSTK’LARDA CİNSİYETÇİLİK: İNGİLTERE VE TÜRKİYE BAZINDA KURUMSAL KARŞILAŞTIRMA

Bu makale, İngiltere ve Türkiye’de çevre alanında faaliyet gösteren sivil toplum kuruluşlarının (ÇSTK) çalışma şartlarının ve bu uygulamaların sonuçlarının üst düzey yönetim yapısının oluşmasına etkisini analiz etmektedir. Toplumsal cinsiyet, işletmelerde önemli bir etken olarak kabul edildiğinden bunun ÇSTK’ların politikalarına etki etmesi beklenmelidir. Bu araştırma Türkiye ve İngiltere’de bulunan ÇSTK’ları toplumsal cinsiyet açısından inceleyen doktora tezine dayanmaktadır ki ÇSTK’larda güçlü pozisyonların erkek egemen olduğunu ve bunun nedenlerini ortaya çıkarmıştır. ÇSTK’lar, çevre ile ilgili baskı grubu olarak karar verme mekanizmaları üzerinde önemli etkiye sahip olmalarından dolayı önem taşımaktadırlar. Fakat, çalışma koşullarının ÇSTK’larda üst düzey karar alma organlarının oluşmasına etkisi, şimdiye kadar göz ardı edilmiştir. Bu araştırma, ÇSTK’larda çoğunlukla genç ve bekar kadın çalışanların olmasına rağmen, erkeklerin karar alma mekanizmalarında egemen olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu da ÇSTK’larda toplumda egemen olan patriarşik değerlerin varlığını göstermektedir. Bu araştırma, özellikle kadınların çok sayıda olduğu işlerde, uzun çalışma kültürü, formel işe alma ve terfi sistemlerinin olmaması ve kısa zamanlı iş sözleşmelerinin, kadınların kariyerine olumsuz etki ettiğini göstermektedir. Bu sorunun kaynağında, toplumdaki patriarşik ve kapitalist ilişkiler sonucu yerleşmiş değerler ve toplumda oluşmuş cinsiyet rolleri ve işbölümü bulunur.

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