For a Greener Environment: Standards versus Taxes
Emission standards referred as the “command and control” in literature is a legal
limit on the amount of pollution of an individual source. Taxes, which are collected by the
local or national authorities, are a fee levied on each unit of pollutant emitted into the air
and water. Administrators in most cases prefer taxes to standards because of the difficulty to
calculate of the relevant marginal costs and marginal benefits, not excluding external costs
as well as the estimation of the monetary costs of the environmental damage. The pro and
costs of standards and taxes are always discussed by the economists and policy makers. This
paper thus aims to give the basic theoretical background of those policy instruments and
analyse of practical implementations, which are based on fully literature review.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Environment, Taxes, Standards, Command and control
Daha Yeşil Bir Çevre İçin: Vergilere Karşı Standartlar
Literatürde “komuta ve kontrol” olarak işaret edilen emisyon standartları bireysel
kaynaktaki kirlilik miktarındaki yasal bir sınırdır. Yerel ve ulusal otoriteler tarafından
toplanan vergiler hava ve su içerisinde emilen kirliliğin her birimi için alınan ücrettir. Çoğu
durumda yöneticiler çevresel tahribatın parasal miktarını tahmin etmede olduğu kadar dış
giderleri hariç tutmaksızın uygun marjinal fayda ve marjinal zararı hesaplama zorluğundan
dolayı vergileri standartlara tercih etmektedirler. Standartlar ve vergilerin avantaj ve
dezavantajları her zaman politika yapıcı ve iktisatçılar tarafından tartışılmaktadır. Bu
yüzden, bu çalışma bu politika araçlarının teorik arka planını vermeyi ve tamamen literatür
özetine dayalı pratik uygulamaları analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Keywords:
Çevre, Vergiler, Standartlar, Komuta ve kontrol,
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- ISSN: 2564-7814
- Başlangıç: 2007
- Yayıncı: Adem Yavuz SÖNMEZ
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