Cultural Integration of Turkish Immigrant Workers’ Children into the Host Society An Intergenerational Comparison in the Context of France and Germany

This paper aims to analyze the Turkish migration to Germany and France that resulted in a

___

  • Abadan-Unat, N. (1976). “Turkish Migration to Europe (1960-1975). A Balance Sheet of Achievements and Failures” In N. Abadan-Unat (Ed.) Turkish Workers in Europe (1960-1975)- A Socio-Economic Reappraisal, Leiden: E.J. Brill: 1-44.
  • Abadan-Unat, N. (1978). “Migratory Labour From Mediterranean Countries” In N. Abadan-Unat (ed), Migration and Development-A Study of the Effects on International Labor Migration on Boğazlıyan District, Ankara: MUFFIC IMWOO, Ajans-Türk.
  • Abadan-Unat, N. (1982). “The effect of International Labor Migration in Women’s Roles: The Turkish Case” In Ç. Kağıtçıbaşı (Ed.) Sex Roles, Family and Community in Turkey, Bloomington: Indiana University, Turkish Studies 3.
  • Abadan-Unat, N. (2002). Bitmeyen Göç-Konuk İşçilikten Ulus-Ötesi Yurttaşlığa, İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi.
  • Akkaya, Ç. (No date). Yıldız Savaşları. Avrupa, Türkiye ve Avrupa’daki Türkler Üzerine Düşünceler, Türkiye Araştırmalar Merkezi, Köln: Önel-Verlag.
  • Arayıcı, A. (1998). Avrupa’daki Göçmen İşçilerin ve Çocuklarının Sorunları, İstanbul: Doz.
  • Association de Solidarité Avec Les Travailleurs Turcs (ASTTU). (1995). Mémoires des Turcs en Alsace, Strasbourg.
  • Atay, T. (2006). Türkler, Kürtler, Kıbrıslılar. İngiltere’de Türkçe Yaşamak, Ankara: Dipnot yay.
  • Aydın, Mehmet Zeki and, Yardım, Müşerref. (2008), “Belçika’da İslamofobi” In İsmail Aydoğan and Faruk Yaylacı (eds), I. Uluslararası Avrupalı Türkler Kongresi. “Eğitim ve Kültür”, Cilt-1, Kayseri: Erciyes Üniversitesi.
  • Bazin, M. (1994). “L’ouverture des campagnes” In S. Yerasimos (Ed.) Les Turcs, Orient et Occident, Islam et Laïcité, Paris: Éditions Autrement.
  • Berksü, Ş. (1999). Avrupa Birliğinde Yaşayan Türk İşçilere ve Ailelerine Ortaklık Mevzuatıyla Tanınan Haklar ve Avrupa Toplulukları Adalet Divanı Kararları, Ankara: T.C. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı, Yurtdışı İşçi Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Yayın No.93.
  • Bilmen, M. S. (1976). “Educational Problems Encountered by the Children of Turkish Migrant Workers” In N. Abadan-Unat (Ed.) Turkish Workers in Europe (1960-1975). A Socio-Economic Reappraisal, Leiden: E.J. Brill: .235-252.
  • Blanc-Chaléard, M.-C. (2001). Histoire de l’immigration, Paris: Éditions La Découverte.
  • Boyle, P. et al. (1998). Exploring Contemporary Migration, Longman.
  • Brabant, J. and Levallois, A.(1995). “La Communauté Turque en Alsace: Les Composantes de l’Insertion”, In M. Anastassiadou (Ed.) Enjeux de L’immigration Turque en Europe, Les Turcs en France et en Europe, Paris: CIEMI-Éditions l’Harmattan.
  • Buz, Sema (2008), “Federal Almanya’da Göçmenlerin Eğitim Sorunları: Abitur Eğitimlerini Tamamlayan Türkiye Kökenli Gençler Araştırması” In: İsmail Aydoğan ve Faruk Yaylacı (ed.), I. Uluslararası Avrupalı Türkler Kongresi. “Eğitim ve Kültür”, Kayseri: Erciyes Ünievrsitesi: 424-437.
  • Cakirerk, Rana. and West, Johan. (2009),”The Socio-Economic Position of the Turkish Community in Belgium: The Challenge of Integration” In:
  • Talip Kucukcan and Veyis Gungor (eds.), Turks in Europe. Culture, Identity, Integration, Amsterdam: Turkevi Research Center, pp. 65-78. Camilleri, C. (1996). “Table Ronde (III). L’Immigration Feminine Turque en Europe”, Cahiers D’Études sur la Méditerranée Orientale et le Monde Turco-Iranien, No: 21, janvier-juin.
  • Carmon, N. (1996). “Immigration and Integration in Post-Industrial Societies: Quantitative and Qualitative Analyses” In N. Carmon (Ed.), Immigration and Integration in Post-Industrial Societies. Theoretical Amalysis and Policy-Related Research, London: MacMillan Press Ltd, 13-62.
  • Castles, S. and Miller, M. (1993). The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World, London: Macmillan Press.
  • Caymaz, B. (2002). Les mouvements islamiques Turcs à Paris, Paris: L’Harmattan.
  • De Tapia, S. (2004). “Le Migrations Turques Vers L’Europe: Tendances Recentes”, Conférence-debat 16 Septembre 2003, ORIV (Observatoire Régional de l’Intégration et de la Ville, Alsace), Mai, Strasbourg.
  • DPT. (2001). Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı-İşgücü Piyasası (Yurt Dışında Yaşayan Türkler), Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu, Ankara.
  • Du Toit, B. M. (1975). “Migration and Population Mobility” In B. M. Du Toit and H. I. Safa (Eds.), Migration and Urbanization. Models and Adaptive Strategies, Chicago: Mouton: 1-15.
  • Erdoğan, Seçil. (2009), Refugees from Turkey: Reconstruction of Identities in UK” In: Talip Kucukcan and Veyis Gungor (eds.), Turks in Europe. Culture, Identity, Integration, Amsterdam: Turkevi Research Center: 363-379.
  • Erpuyan, M. V. (1995). “Entreprises issues de l’immigration Turque en Alsace”, In M. Anastassiadou (Ed.) Enjeux de L’immigration Turque en Europe, Les Turcs en France et en Europe, Paris: CIEMI-Éditions l’Harmattan
  • Farine, P. (1999). “L’Immigration, Élément Constituant de la Société”, Migrations Société, 11 (64- 65), juilletoctobre.
  • Fielding, T. (1992). “Migration and culture” In T. Champion and T. Fielding (Eds.) Migration Processes and Patterns, Volume 1. Reserach Progress and Prospects, London: Belhaven Press, pp. 201-212.
  • Frybès, M. (1992). “France. Un équilibre pragmatique fragile” In D. Lapeyronnie (Ed.) Immigrés en Europe. Politiques Locales d’intégration, Paris: La documentation Française.
  • Greve, M. (2006). Almanya’da “Hayali Türkiye”nin Müziği, çev. Selin Dingiloğlu, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi yay.
  • Groc, G. (1995). “Islam: Une insertion par l’absurde?” In M. Anastassiadou (Ed.) Enjeux de L’immigration Turque en Europe, Les Turcs en France et en Europe, Paris: CIEMI-Éditions l’Harmattan.
  • Gül, N. Z. Ö. (2002). “Doğum Adetlerinin Kültürel Değişim Sürecinde Gaziantep ve Almanya Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi” In T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, Yurt Dışında Çalışan Türkler ve Kültürel Değişim, VI. Milletlerarası Türk Halk Kültürü Kongresi, Ankara.
  • Hanson, R.C. and Simmons, O.G. (1968). “The role of Path. A concept and procedure for studying migration to urban communities”, Human Organization, 27, quoted by B. M. Du Toit, “Migration and Population Mobility” In B. M. Du Toit and H. I. Safa (Eds.), Migration and Urbanization. Models and Adaptive Strategies, Chicago: Mouton Publishers.
  • Helle, P. (2004). Faut-il avoir peur des étrangers? Paris: Éditions de l’Hèbe.
  • Henslin, J. M. (2001). Sociology. A Down-To-Earth Approach, (5th ed.), Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Hüküm, P. (1996). “Le Point de Vue d’une Responsable Associative: Qu’en est-il de l’intégration des Femmes Turques en France?”, Cahiers D’Études sur la Méditerranée Orientale et le Monde Turco-Iranien, No:21, janvier-juin.
  • Irtis-Dabbagh, V. (2003). “Les jeunes originaires de Turquie en France autour de la problématique du marriage”, Multitudes. No:6-7-8, Decèmbre.
  • Kadıoğlu, S. (1990). “AT Ülkelerinde Yaşayan Türk Kadınlarının Sorunları ve Gelecekleri” In Y. Fincancı (Ed.), 30. Yılında Yurt Dışındaki Türkler: Varolma Savaşının Anatomisi, İstanbul: Türkiye Araştırmalar Merkezi-TÜSES Vakfı Konferansı, 24/25 Ekim 1989.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1981). Çocuğun Değeri. Türkiye’de Değerler ve Doğurganlık, İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1985). “Immigrant Populations in Europe: Problems Viewed from the Sending Country” In İ. Başgöz-N. Furniss (Eds.) Turkish Workers in Europe, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Turkish Studies. Pp.103-123.
  • Kançal, S. (1995). “Émigration: Source d’un Désavantage ou d’un avantage?” In M. Anastassiadou (Ed.) Enjeux de L’immigration Turque en Europe, Les Turcs en France et en Europe, Paris: CIEMI-Éditions l’Harmattan
  • Kastoryano, R. (1986). Être Turc en France. Réflexions sur Familles et Comumunauté, Paris:C.I.E.M.I. and L’Harmattan
  • Kastoryano, R. (1991). “Ethnic Differentiation in France. Turks and Muslims” In M. Kıray (Ed.) Structural Change in Turkish Society, Indiana University.
  • Kastoryano, R. (1994). “Les émigrés” In S. Yerasimos (Ed.) Les Turcs, Orient et Occident, Islam et Laïcité, Paris: Éditions Autrement
  • Kastoryano, R. (2000). Kimlik Pazarlığı. Fransa ve Almanya’da Devlet ve Göçmen İlişkileri, çev. Ali Berktay, İstanbul: İletişim yay.
  • Kaya, A. and Kentel, F. (2005). Euro-Türkler. Türkiye ile Avrupa Birliği Arasında Köprü mü, Engel mi? İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi yay.
  • Kızılocak, G. (1996). Dünden Bugüne Almanya’da Türk Serbest Girişimcileri, Köln:Önel Verlag.
  • Kleff, H.-G. (1995). “Les Turcs à Berlin Avant et Après la Chute du Mur”, In M. Anastassiadou (Ed.) Enjeux de L’immigration Turque en Europe, Les Turcs en France et en Europe, Paris: CIEMI-Éditions l’Harmattan.
  • Koç, Güneş. (2009) “Turks in Austria and Germany: Stereotypes and Xenophobia” In: Talip Kucukcan and Veyis Gungor (eds.), Turks in Europe. Culture, Identity, Integration, Amsterdam: Turkevi Research Center, pp. 103-128.
  • Kosinski, L. A. and Prothero, R. M. (Eds.) (1975). People on the Move: Studies on Internal Migration, London: Methuen.
  • Köksal, S. (1991). “A Ghetto in a Welfare Society. Turks in Rinkeby” In M. Kıray (Ed.) Structural Change in Turkish Society, Indiana University.
  • Küçükkaraca, N. (1998). Yurtdışından Geri Dönüş-Çalören Örneği, Ankara: Sosyal Hizmet Uzmanları Derneği yay. No:4
  • Lapeyronnie, D. (1993). L’individu et les minorités. La France et la Grande-Bretagne face à leurs immigrés, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Le Bras, H. (1991). “Demographic Impact of Post-War Migration in Selected OECD Countries” In OECD, Migration. The Demographic Aspects, Paris, pp. 15-27.
  • Lewis, G. J. (1982). Human Migration. A Geographical Perspective, New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  • Lingayah, S. (1991). A Comparative Study of Mauritian Immigrants in Two European Cities: London and Paris. An investigation into the problems of Adaptation, Éditions de L’Océan Indien.
  • Macisso, Jr., J. J. (1992). “International Migration: Issues and Research Needs” In C. Goldscheider (Ed.), Migration, Population Structure, and Redistribution Policies, Westview Press, Inc.
  • Manço, A. (1996). “L’organisation des Familles Turques en Belgique et la place des Femmes”, Table Ronde IV. L’Immigration Féminine Turque en France, Cahiers D’Études sur la Méditerranée Orientale et le Monde Turco- Iranien, No:21, janvier-juin.
  • Martin, P. L. (1996). “Immigration and integration: challenges for the 1990s” In J. Tanton, D. McCormack and J. W. Smith (Eds.), Immigration and the Social Control. The Implosion of Western Societies, Avebury, pp. 27-34.
  • Mushaben, J. M. (1985). “A Crisis of Culture: Isolation and Integration Among Turkish Guestworkers in the German Federal Republic” In İ. Başgöz-N. Furniss (Eds.) Turkish Workers in Europe, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Turkish Studies, pp. 125-150.
  • Mutlu, H. and Sancar, A. (2000), “Stratégies identitaires collectives: Dynamiques de restructuration sociale des migrants originaires de Turquie en Suisse = Collective identity strategies: social restructuration dynamics of the migrants coming from Turkey in Switzerland, CEMOTI. Cahiers d’études sur la Méditerranée orientale et le monde turco-iranien, No. 30, pp. 223-251.
  • Naïr, S. (1990). “L’Europe et ses immigrés”, L’Événement Européen. Initiative et débat, (Dossier: L’Europe et Ses Immigrés), Octobre, 11, Seuil.
  • OECD Secretariat, (1991). “Evolution of Fertility of Foreigners and Nationals in OECD Countries”, In OECD, Migration. The Demographic Aspects, Paris.
  • Öztürk, A. O. (2002). “Resitatif Almanya Türkülerinin Üslubu Üzerine” In T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, Yurt Dışında Çalışan Türkler ve Kültürel Değişim, VI. Milletlerarası Türk Halk Kültürü Kongresi, Ankara.
  • Öztürk, K. (1995). “Les Turcs dans la confection à Paris” In M. Anastassiadou (Ed.), Enjeux de L’immigration Turque en Europe, Les Turcs en France et en Europe, Paris: CIEMI-Éditions l’Harmattan.
  • Paine, S. (1974). Exporting Workers. The Turkish Case, Cambridge University Press.
  • Parnwell, M. (1993). Population Movements and the Third World, London: Routledge.
  • Pieters, J. N. (2005). “Göç Sürecinde İslâm: Minaresiz Camiler” In A. Öncü and P. Weyland (Eds.) Mekân, Kültür, İktidar. Küreselleşen Kentlerde Yeni Kimlikler, çev. Leyla Şimşek-Nilgün Uygun, İstanbul: İletişim yay. Pooley, C. G. and Whyte, I. D. (1991). “Introduction. Approaches to the study of migration and social change” In C. G. Pooley and I. D. Whyte (Eds.), Migrants, Emigrants and Immigrants. A Social history of migration, London: Routledge.
  • Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Labor and Security, Dış İlişkiler ve Yurtdışı İşçi Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, (2004). 2003 Yılı Raporu. Yurtdışındaki Vatandaşlarımıza İlişkin Gelişmeler ve Sayısal Bilgiler, Ankara.
  • Richmond, A. H. (1988). “Socio-cultural adaptation and conflict in immigrant-receiving countries” In C. Stahl (Ed.) International Migration Today. Volume 2: Emerging issues, Paris: Unesco/ University Western Australia.
  • Salom, G. (1989). “Propos sur L’Exil Turc. Comment Defaire Les Valises?”, Migrants-Formation, Nº:76, Mars.
  • Salom, G. (1995). “Les femmes et le projet migratoire Familial Turc en France” In M. Anastassiadou (Ed.) Enjeux de L’immigration Turque en Europe, Les Turcs en France et en Europe, Paris: CIEMI-Éditions l’Harmattan.
  • Sayın, Ö. (1975). Les Travailleurs Immigres Turcs en Europe, Unpublished Doctorate Thesis, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille.
  • Sayın, Ö. (2003). “Almanya’da Yaşam Deneyimi Olan Türk Gençleri”, Sosyoloji Dergisi, No.10-11, pp.5-26.
  • Schittenhelm, Karin. (2011), “İkinci Kuşağın Kariyerinde Statü Geçişleri” In: Arnd-Michael Nohl et all, Göç ve Kültürel Sermaye. Türkiye, Almanya, Kanada ve Büyük Britanya’da Yüksek Vasıflı Göçmenler, çev. Türkis Noyan, İstanbul: Kitapyayınevi, ss. 53-72.
  • Schnapper, D. (1991). La France de l’intégration. Sociologie de la nation en 1990, Paris: Éditions Gallimard.
  • Schultze, G. (1995). “Première et Deuxième Génération de Migrants Turcs en RFA: Mobilité Professionelle et son incidence sur le processus d’intégration” In M. Anastassiadou (Ed.) Enjeux de L’immigration Turque en Europe, Les Turcs en France et en Europe, Paris: CIEMI-Éditions l’Harmattan
  • Sertel, Y. (1987). Nord-Sud: Crise et Immigration (Le Cas Turc), Paris: Éditions Publisud.
  • Sinha, W. N. P. and Ataullah, M. D. (1987). Migration. An Interdisciplinary Approach, Delhi: Sema Publications.
  • Somersan, S. (2004). Sosyal Bilimlerde Etnisite ve Irk, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi yay.
  • Stillwell, J. and Congdon, P. (1991) “Migration modelling: concepts and contents” In J. Stillwell and P. Congdon (Eds.) Migration Models. Macro and Micro Approaches, London: Belhaves Press.
  • Stolnitz, G. J. (1978). “International Migration Policies: Some Demographic and Economic Contexts” In W. H. McNeil and R. S. Adams (Eds.), Human Migration. Patterns and Policies, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, pp 307-330.
  • Şen, F. (1990). “Yurt Dışındaki Türk Varlığı: Sorunlar, Beklentiler” In Y. Fincancı (Ed.), 30. Yılında Yurt Dışındaki Türkler: Varolma Savaşının Anatomisi, Türkiye Araştırmalar Merkezi-TÜSES Vakfı Konferansı, 24/25 Ekim 1989, İstanbul.
  • Şen, F. and Koray, S. (1993). Türkiye’den Avrupa Topluluğu’na Göç Hareketleri, Türkiye Araştırmalar Merkezi, Köln: Önel-Verlag
  • Şen, F. et al. (1996). Almanya’da Ayrımcılık. Federal Alman iş Piyasasında Türklere Yönelik Ayrımcılık, Köln: Önel yayınevi.
  • Tabouret-Keller, A. and Konuk, M. (1996). “Un Aperçu de la Situation Linguistique Des Turcs en Alsace. Autournant des années 90, trois études de cas et un Témoignage”, Avancées, L’integration des Étrangers dans L’Europe contemporaine, Chantiers de recherche, Séminaire 1994/1995, No:3, Presses Universtaires de Strasbourg.
  • Taïeb, E. (1998). Immigrés: l’effet Générations. Rejet, Assimilation, Intégration d’hier à aujourd’hui, Paris: Les Éditions de l’Atelier.
  • Tribalat, M. (1995). Faire France. Une grande enquete sur les immigrés et leurs enfants, Paris: Éditions la Découverte.
  • Unbehaun, H. (1995). “La Population Turque à Bamber” In M. Anastassiadou (Ed.) Enjeux de L’immigration Turque en Europe, Les Turcs en France et en Europe, Paris: CIEMI-Éditions l’Harmattan
  • United Nations (UN) (1994). International Migration: Regional Processes and Responses, Economic Studies, No. 7, pp.53-55.
  • Vassaf, G. (2002). Daha Sesimizi Duyurmadık. Almanya’da Türk İşçi Çocukları, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Verbunt, G. (1977). “Une culture pour le folklore ou pour la lutte?” Culture Immigreé. Intégration ou résistance: les immigrés parlent de leurs tentatives d’expression culturelle, No:11, Novembre, Autrement, Paris.
  • Wilpert, C. (1996). “Table Ronde IV. L’Immigration Féminine Turque en France”, Cahiers D’Études sur la Méditerranée Orientale et le Monde Turco-Iranien, No. 21, janvier-juin.
  • Yılmaz, S. (2001). Fransa’da Türkçe Öğretmenlik Klavuzu, Bourg en Bresse: CeFReSS.
  • Zaptçıoğlu, D. (2005). “Öncüler Nesli” In M. Richter (Ed.) Geldiler ve Kaldılar... Almanya Türkleri’nin Yaşam Öyküleri, çev. Mutlu Çomak-Özbatır, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, pp. 1-15.
  • Zarif, F. et al. (1995). İkibinli Yıllarda Almanya’da Türkler, Türkiye Araştırmalar Merkezi, Ankara: Önel.