Nilgün VURGUN, Şebnem ŞARVAN CENGİZ, Hayal ÖRCÜTAŞ

Takım Sporcularında Üst Ekstremite Propriosepsiyonlarının Karşılaştırılması

Baş üstü aktivite ve fırlatma sporu yapan sporcularda, omuz kuvveti esnekliği ve propriosepsiyonu oldukça büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Omuz eklemi hem mobilite hem de stabilitenin önemli olduğu kompleks bir eklemdir. Voleybol, basketbol ve hentbolde oyunun getirdiği teknik yüklenme altında omuz kasları ağır şartlar altında çalışmaktadır. Bu araştırmada takım sporcularının omuz bölgesi kuvvet duyularını karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya yaş ortalamaları 19,0 ± 2,6833 olan 14 voleybol, 12 basketbol ve 10 hentbol oyuncusu olmak üzere toplam 36 sağlıklı birey katılmıştır. Katılımcıların önce maksimal izometrik istemli kasılma (MVIC) seviyeleri omuz eklemi fleksiyonu sırasında ölçülmüş, daha sonra %50 MVIC hedef kuvvet değeri belirlenmiş ve bu değerle ikişer denemeli kuvvet algısı (FS) testi yapılmıştır. Hedef kuvvet değeri, bilgisayar ekranından görsel geri bildirim ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde SPSS 28.0 for Mac paket programında bağımsız t-testi ve ANOVA testleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları incelendiğinde Deneme 1 ve Deneme 2 ölçümleri arasında cinsiyet açısından istatistiksel olarak bir anlama rastlanmamıştır. Ancak algı ortalamalarına bakıldığında kadınların erkeklerden daha iyi kuvvet algısına sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. MVIC değerleri medyanının 70,35 olduğu tespit edilmiş ve katılımcılar alt ve üst olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Belirlenen MVIC grupları ile yaş, antrenman yaşı, cinsiyet, branş ve BKİ arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık tespit edilmiştir. MVIC grupları ile algının hedefe uzaklığı arasında istatistiksel olarak bir anlamlılığa rastlanmamıştır. Bulunan değer farklılıkları MVIC değerleri düşük olan bireylerin kuvvet algılarının, MVIC değerleri yüksek olan bireylere göre daha iyi olmasıyla açıklanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Proprioception, Force Sense, Volleyball, Basketball, Handball, Propriosepsiyon, Kuvvet Algısı, Voleybol, Basketbol, Hentbol

Comparison of Upper Extremity Proprioception among Team Athletes

Shoulder strength flexibility and proprioception are of great importance for athletes who do overhead activities and throwing sports. In volleyball, basketball, and handball, the shoulder muscles work under heavy conditions under the technical load of the game. In this study, it was aimed to compare the shoulder force senses (FS) of team athletes. A total of 36 healthy individuals, including 14 volleyball, 12 basketball, and 10 handball players, with a mean age of 19.0 ± 2.6833, participated in the study. First, the maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVIC) levels of the participants were measured during shoulder joint flexion, then the 50% MVIC target force value was determined, and a two-trial FS test was performed with this value. The target force value was evaluated by visual feedback from the computer screen. In the data analysis, independent t-tests and ANOVA tests were applied in the SPSS 28.0 for Mac package program. When the results of the research were examined, no statistical significance was found between the measurements of Trial1 and Trial2 in terms of gender. However, when the FS averages are examined, it has been determined that women have a better sense of force than men. It was determined that the median of the MVIC values was 70.35 and the participants were divided into two groups as lower and upper. A statistically significant difference was found between the determined MVIC groups and age, training age, gender, branch, and BMI. No statistically significant difference was found between the MVIC groups and the distance of the sense to the target. The difference in values can be explained by the fact that individuals with low MVIC have a better sense of force than individuals with high MVIC.

Keywords:

Proprioception, Force Sense, Volleyball, Basketball, Handball, Propriosepsiyon, Kuvvet Algısı, Voleybol, Basketbol, Hentbol,

PDF

___

Ager, A. L., Roy, J. S., Roos, M., Belley, A. F., Cools, A., and Hébert, L. J. (2017). Shoulder proprioception: How is it measured and is it reliable? A systematic review. Journal of Hand Therapy: Official Journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists, 30(2), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2017.05.003
Altun, M. (2020). Effects of 2 different external loads on joint position sense and the relationship between muscle strength and force sense. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 29(8), 1115-1120.
Bayramoğlu, A. (2005). Propriosepsiyon nedir? Sporcularda proprioseptif egzersizler neden gereklidir? Ankara.
Carpenter J. E, Blasier R. B., and Pellizzon G. G. (1998). The effects of muscle fatigue on shoulder joint position sense. Am J Sports Med., 26,62-265.
Chu, J. C., Kane, E. J., Arnold, B. L., and Gansneder, B. M. (2002). The effect of a neoprene shoulder stabilizer on active joint-reposition sense in subjects with stable and unstable shoulders. Journal of Athletic Training, 37(2), 141.
Crockett H. C., Lyndon B. G., Kevin E. W., Martin L. S., Jamie R., Jay O., et al. (2002). Osseous adaptation and range of motion at the glenohumeral joint in professional baseball pitchers, The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(1), 20-26.
Dover, G., and Powers, M. E. (2003). Reliability of joint position sense and force-reproduction measures during internal and external rotation of the shoulder. Journal of Athletic Training, 38(4), 304–310.
Dupuis C., and Tourny-Chollet C. (2003). Increasing Explosive Power of the Shoulder in Volleyball Players. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 25(6):7-11.
Ellenbecker TS, Roetert EP, Bailie DS, Davies GJ, and Brown SW. (2002). Glenohumeral joint total rotation range of motion in elite tennis players and baseball pitchers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(12), 2052-2056.
Ergen, E., Bülent, Ü., and Ali, E. (2007). Derleme: propriyosepsiyon ve koordinasyon. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 42(2), 57-83
Groppel, J., and Nicholas, D. (2009). Tennis: For the health of it! The Physician and Sports Medicine, 37(2), 40-50.
Han, J., Waddington, G., Adams, R., Anson, J., and Liu, Y. (2016). Assessing proprioception: A critical review of methods. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 5(1), 80–90. DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2014.10.004
Ihalainen S., Kuitunen S., Mononen K., and Linnamo V. (2016). Determinants of elite-level air rifle shooting performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 26(3), 266-274.
Ikeda, Y., Kijima, K., Kawabata, K., Fuchimoto, T., and Ito, A., (2007). Relationship between side medicine-ball throw performance and physical ability for male and female athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol., 99, 47– 55.
Janwantanakul P, Magarey M. E., Jones M. A., and Dansie B. R. (2001). Variation in shoulder position sense at mid and extreme range of motion. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82(6), 840-844.
Karadenizli Z. İ. (2017). Hentbolda atış hızı ve kuvvetinin biomekanik analizi, Ankara Spor Yayınevi ve Kitabevi, p 8-112.
Kaynak, H., Altun, M., and Tok, S. (2019). Effect of force sense to active joint position sense and relationships between active joint position sense, force sense, jumping and muscle strength. Journal of Motor Behavior, 1–10.
Kocahan, T., Akınoğlu, B., Ünivar, E., and Hasanoğlu, A. (2018) Havalı tabanca atıcılık sporcularında tetik kolu ve diğer kolun omuz eklemi izometrik kas kuvveti ve propriyosepsiyon duyusunun karşılaştırılması. Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci., 10(3):116-22. DOI: 10.5336/sportsci.2018-62501.
Kurt, E., Erdoğanoğlu, Y., and Kaya, D. (2021) Bedensel engelli yüzücülerde omuz eklem pozisyon hissinin yüzme performansı ile ilişkisi. Türkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences, 6(3):523- 30. DOI: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-78676.
Lephart, S. M., and Jari, R. (2002). The role of proprioception in shoulder instability. Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine, 10, 2-4.
Li, L., Ji, Z. Q., Li, Y. X., and Liu, W. T. (2016). Correlation study of knee joint proprioception test results using common test methods. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(2), 478–482. doi:10.1589/jpts.28.478
Lubiatowski., P, Kaczmarek., P, Ogrodowicz., P, Dudzinski., P, and Romanowski., L. (2014). Throwing sport improves shoulder proprioception. Br J Sports Med., 48(7),629-629.
Mair S. D., Uhl T. L., Robbe R. G., and Brindle K. A. (2004). Physical changes and range-of-motion differences in the dominant shoulders of skeletally immature baseball players. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 13(5), 487- 491.
Neil, R., (2012). The biomechanical and evolution of high-speed throwing. (Doctoral dissertation). Harvard University. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn- 3,HUL. InstRepos:9822375.
Okazaki, V. H., Rodacki, A. L., and Satern, M. N. (2015). A review on the basketball jump shot. Sports Biomechanics, 14(2), 190–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2015.1052541
Osbahr D. C., Cannon D. L., and Speer K. P. (2002). Retroversion of the humerus in the throwing shoulder of college baseball pitchers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(3), 347-353.
Proske, U., and Gandevia, S. C. (2012). The proprioceptive senses: Their roles in signaling body shape, body position and movement, and muscle force. Physiological Reviews, 92(4), 1651–1697. doi:10.1152/physrev.00048.2011
Pu J. Z., Gao C. X., and Feng W. Q. (1989). The handbook of function evaluation for elite players. Beijing: Peoples' Sports Press. 206-10.
Rogol I. M., Ernst G., and Perrin D. H. (1998). Open and closed kinetic chain exercises equally improve shoulder joint r in healthy subjects. Journal of Athletic Training, 33(4), 315-318.
Safran M. R., Borsa P.A., Lephart S.M., Fu F. H., and Warner J. J. (2001). Shoulder proprioception in baseball pitchers. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 10(5), 438-444.
Sarı, N. B. (2019). Adölesan tenis oyuncularında omuz rotator kas esnekliği ve eklem hareket genişliği ile izokinetik kas kuvvet değerlerinin incelenmesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Ortopedik Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Programı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
Smith D. J., Roberts D., and Watson B. (1992). Physical, physiological, and performance differences between Canadian national team and university volleyball players. Journal of sports sciences.10(2):131-8. Lephart, S.M.
Suzuki H., Swanik K. A., Huxel K. C., Kelly IV J. D., and Swanik C. B. (2006). Alterations in upper extremity motion after scapular-muscle fatigue. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 15(1):71-88.
Tuğay N., and Tuğay B. U. (2015). Proprioception: The Forgotten Sixth Sense, Proprioception After Arthroplast.
Wang C. H., McClure P., Pratt N. E., and Nobilini R. (1999). Stretching and strengthening exercises: their effect on three-dimensional scapular kinematics. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 80(8):923-9
Wilk, K. E., Meister, K., and Andrews, J. R. (2002). Current concepts in the rehabilitation of the overhead throwing athlete. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(1), 136–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465020300011201