Post-Truth Siyaset Bağlamında Yeni Medya: 2019 Yerel Seçimi Örneğinde Bir İnceleme
Bu çalışma, gerçeğin değersizleşmesi anlamına gelen post-truth kavramına ve yenimedya üzerinden yayılan yalan içeriklere odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 31 Mart2019 yerel seçimi döneminde yeni medya üzerinden yayılan yalan içerikler irdelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, haber sitelerinde ve sosyal ağlarda 31 Mart 2019 yerel seçimi sürecinde yayılan yalan içeriklerin yoğunluğunu, içeriklerin hangi mecralarda, neşekillerde üretildiğini ve üretilen içeriklerin temalarını ortaya koymaktır. İki aşamadanoluşan çalışmada, ilk olarak Teyit.org tarafından 31 Mart 2019 yerel seçim dönemindetespit edilen yalan içeriklere yönelik betimsel içerik analizi yapılmış, ikinci aşamasındaise yalan içeriklerin temaları incelenmiş ve yeni medyanın yalan içeriklerin yayılmasında belirleyici bir rol oynadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
New Media in the Context of Post-Truth Politics: A Study on the Example of the 2019 Local Election
This study focuses on the concept of post-truth meaning the devaluation of the truth, and the fake news spread by the new media. In this study, the contents of fake news spread by new media during the 31st March 2019 local election were examined. The aim of the study is to reveal the density of fake news spread on news sites and social networks during the local election process Also the study deals with questions like in which channels and in what ways the content is produced and what are the themes of the produced content. The study, consisting of two stages, a descriptive content analysis was first conducted for fake news identified by Teyit.org during the local election period of 31 st March 2019. In the second stage, the themes of the fake news were examined, and it was concluded that the new media played a determining role in the spread of fake news.
___
- Allcott, H. ve Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 31, Number 2, ss. 211–236, https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/ pdfplus/10.1257/jep.31.2.211, Erişim tarihi: 15.02.2020.
- Atabek, G. Ş. ve Atabek, Ü. (2007). Medya Metinlerini Çözümlemek. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
- Aziz, A. (2008). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri ve Teknikleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Bezembinder, C. (2018). Is Post- Truth Politics Really Post- Truth?. Master Thesis, Leiden: Leiden University.
- Bilgin, P. (2017). Resisting Post-truth Politics, a Primer: Or, How Not to Think about Human Mobility and the Global Environment, Global Policy, Volume 8, Supplement 1, 55-59, https:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.12411
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Akgün, Ö. E., Demirel, F., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Çakmak, E. K. (2015). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Fuchs, C. (2018). Authoritarian capitalism, authoritarian movements and authoritarian communication, Media, Culture & Society, Volume: 40 Issue: 5, page(s): 779-791, https://doi. org/10.1177/0163443718772147
- Fuchs, C. (2014). Sosyal Medya Eleştirel Bir Giriş. (İ. Kalaycı ve D. Saraçoğlu, Çev.), Ankara: NotaBene.
- Gross, M. (2017). The Dangers of a Post-Truth World. Current Biology, 27 (9), 1-18.
- Harsin, J. (2018). Post-truth and critical communication. İçinde: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. Oxford University Press. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ acrefore/9780190228613.013.757
- Harsin, J. (2015). Regimes of Post- Truth, Post- Politics, and Attention Economies, Communication, Culture & Critique, 8(2), 327-333.
- Higgins, K. (2016). Post-truth: a guide for the perplexed, Nature 540,9, (01 December 2016), doi:10.1038/540009a
- Kavaklı, N. (2019). Yalan Haberle Mücadele ve İnternet Teyit/Doğrulama Platformları. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, Cilt 6, Sayı 1, ss. 663-682, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/articlefile/630656, Erişim tarihi: 15.02.2020.
- Kavanagh, J. ve Rich, M. D. (2018). Truth Decay: An Initial Exploration of the Diminishing Role of Facts and Analysis in American Public Life. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2018. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2314.html.
- Khaldarova, I. ve Pantti, M. (2016). Fake News, Journalism Practice, 10:7, 891- 901, DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2016.1163237
- Kellner, D. (2018), Donald Trump and the Politics of Lying. Michael A. Peters, Sharon Rider, Mats Hyvönen, Tina Besley (Eds.) Post-Truth, Fake News, Singapore: Springer.
- Keyes, R. (2017). Hakikat Sonrası Çağ: Günümüz Dünyasında Yalancılık ve Aldatma (D. Özçetin, Çev.), İzmir: Tudem.
- Kollanyi, B., Howard, P. N., Woolley, S. C. (2016), Bots and Automation over Twitter During the US Election. Data Memo. Oxford, UK: Project on Computational Propaganda, (4), 1-5.
- Kramer, A. D., Guillory, J. E., Hancock, J. T. (2014). Experimental evidence of Massive-Scale Emotional Contagion Through Social Networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(24), 8788-8790.
- Liao, Q. V., Fu, W. T. (2014, April). Expert Voices in Echo Chambers: Effects of Source Expertise Indicators on Exposure to Diverse Opinions. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 2745-2754). ACM.
- Narin, B. (2018). Kişiselleştirilmiş Çevrimiçi Haber Akışının Yankı Odası Etkisi, Filtre Balonu ve Siberbalkanizasyon Kavramları Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Akademik Dergisi, 11(2), 232-251.
- Ott, B. L. (2017). The age of Twitter: Donald J. Trump and the politics of debasement. Critical studies in media communication, 34(1), 59-68.
- Pariser, E. (2011). The filter bubble: What the Internet is hiding from you. UK: Penguin.
- Persily, N. (2017). The 2016 US election: Can Democracy Survive The Internet?. Journal of democracy, 28(2), 63-76.
- Resnick, P., Garrett, R. K., Kriplean, T., Munson, S. A., Stroud, N. J. (2013, February). Bursting Your (filter) Bubble: Strategies for Promoting Diverse Exposure. In Proceedings of the 2013
- ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work Companion(pp. 95-100). Sismondo, S. (2017). Post-truth?, Social Studies of Science, Vol. 47(1) 3–6, https://journals. sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0306312717692076
- Swire, B., Berinsky, A. J., Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. (2017). Processing Political Misinformation: Comprehending the Trump Phenomenon. Royal Society Open Science, 4(3), 160802.
- Taş, O. ve Taş, T. (2018). Post-Hakikat Çağında Sosyal Medyada Yalan Haber ve Suriyeli Mülteciler Sorunu. İleti-ş-im 29, ss. 183-207, http://iletisimdergisi.gsu.edu.tr/tr/download/articlefile/605971, Erişim tarihi: 15.02.2020.
- The European Commission (2018). A multi-dimensional approach to disinformation Report of the independent High level Group on fake news and online disinformation. file:///Users/fulyasen/ Downloads/KK0118221ENN.en.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 14.08.2019.
- Van Dijk, T. A. (2000). Ideology and discourse: A Multidisciplinary Introduction. http://www. discourses.org/OldBooks/Teun%20A%20van%20Dijk%20 %20Ideology%20and%20Discourse. pdf, Erişim tarihi: 10.09.2019.
- Wikforss, C. (2020). Deliberative democracy could be used to combat fake news – but only if it operates offline, https://www.democraticaudit.com/2020/02/06/deliberative-democracycould-be-used-to-combat-fake-news-but-only-if-it-operates-offline/, (06.02.2020), Erişim tarihi: 14.02.2020.
- Woolley, S. C., Guilbeault, D. R. (2017). Computational Propaganda in The United States of America: Manufacturing Consensus Online. Computational Propaganda Research Project, 22.
- OED (2016). “Word of the Year 2016 is...”, 10 Eylül 2019 tarihinde https://languages.oup.com/ word-of-the-year/word-of-the-year-2016 adresinden edinilmiştir.
- Sahte Haber Karnesi (2019). 18 Haziran 2019 tarihinde https://teyit.org/wp-content/ uploads/2019/05/Rapor-YS-2019-1.pdf adresinden edinilmiştir.
- The post-truth world: Yes, I’d lie to you (2016). 15 Eylül 2019 tarihinde https://www.economist. com/briefing/2016/09/10/yes-id-lie-to-you adresinden edinilmiştir.
- 2019 yerel seçimlerinde internette yayılan 42 yanlış bilgi (2019). 30 Haziran 2019 tarihinde https://teyit.org/2019-yerel-secimlerinde-internette-yayilan-yanlis bilgiler/ adresinden edinilmiştir.