Elif Eşiyok SÖNMEZ, Özlen ÖZGEN

Medya Kullanımı ve Beden İmajı: Türkiye ve İngiltere Örneği

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye ve İngiltere'de yaşayan üniversite öğrencilerinin beden imajlarına ilişkin düşüncelerinde medyanın rolünün ortaya konulmasıdır. Araştırma kapsamına Türkiye'den 381, İngiltere'den 235 üniversite öğrencisi alınmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında, demografik bilgiler ve medya kullanım alışkanlıkları ile ilgili soruların yanı sıra "Dış Görünüşe İlişkin Sosyo-Kültürel Tutumlar Ölçeği"nin yer aldığı bir anket formu kullanılmıştır. Geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizi yapılmış, elde edilen sonuçlar her iki ülke için de ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirliğini ortaya koymuştur. İki ülke için yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda da beden imajı ve medyaya ilişkin geçerli bir faktörleşme elde edilmiştir. Geleneksel medyadan ve sosyal medyadan kaynaklanan baskı hissedilmesi, medyadaki ünlülerle bedenin karşılaştırılması, medyadaki ünlülere benzemeye çalışılması ve ideal beden farkındalığı faktörlerine uygulanan t-testi sonuçları, Türkiye ve İngiltere arasında anlamlı farklar bulunduğunu, tüm faktörler için İngiltere'deki ortalama değerlerin Türkiye'deki değerlerden yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, Türkiye ve İngiltere için önerilen modelin testi için LISREL programı ile Path Analizi yapılmıştır. Türkiye için, bilgi kaynağı olarak geleneksel medya, geleneksel medyadan ve sosyal medyadan kaynaklanan baskı hissedilmesi ve ideal beden farkındalığının, medyadaki ünlülerle bedenin karşılaştırılması ve ünlülere benzemeye çalışılması değişkenlerini açıkladığı bulunmuştur. İngiltere için ise, geleneksel medyadan kaynaklanan baskı hissedilmesi ve ideal beden farkındalığının, medyadaki ünlülerle bedenin karşılaştırılması değişkenini açıkladığı; medyadaki ünlülerle bedenin karşılaştırılmasının ise, medyadaki ünlülere benzemeye çalışılması değişkenini açıkladığı görülmüştür. Bu sonuç, özellikle geleneksel medyanın her iki ülkede de üniversite öğrencilerinin beden imajlarına ilişkin düşüncelerinde önemli bir rol üstlendiğini göstermiştir.

Media Usage And Body Image: An Example Of Turkey And The Uk

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of media on ideas of university students from different countries regarding body image. 381 undergraduate students from Turkey and 235 undergraduate students from the UK participated in this study. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, a questionnaire that consists of questions on "demographic information", "media habits" and "Socio-cultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale" was designed. The reliability and validity analyses of the study were conducted and the results revealed that the scale was reliable and valid for both countries. A valid factorization related to body image and media was obtained from the factor analyses. Results from t-tests between Turkey and the UK indicated significant differences in the factors pressure of the media, comparing the body with the people in the media, trying to look like the people in the media, and awareness of the ideal body. Average scores for all of the factors were found to be higher in the UK than those of in Turkey. Two separate Path Models were estimated for Turkey and the UK through LISREL program. For Turkey, the results showed that the factors, traditional media as a source of information, pressure of the traditional media, pressure of the social media, and the awareness of the ideal body were observed to cause people to compare themselves with the people in the media and consequently to try to look like them. For the UK, pressure of the traditional media, and the awareness of ideal body were observed to cause people to compare themselves with the people in the media and consequently to try to look like them. As a result, in both countries, it was found out that traditional media, in particular, had a role on ideas related with body image of the university students.

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