Öz The aim of this study is to explore the changing nature and forms accountability within the socio-economic-political dependencies and reladonships, concerning with the processes of modernisation and democratisation. The study analyses the constitution of informal-hierarchical accountability within the societies in the process of modernisation, stemming from patronising and clienteli^r.ic socio-economic and political dependencies and relationships beyond the conventional dichotomy of formal-informal, hierarchical-non-hierarchical, vertical-horizontal and contractual-communal accountability. Deriving from such analyses, the study introduces the new forms of accountability, distinguishing formal accountability from hierarchical accountability and informal accountability from non-hierarchical accountability.