Don Juan Manuel'in Eserlerinde İslâm Kültürü ve Müslümanlar

Çok yönlü bir âlim ve renkli bir entelektüel kişilik olarak dikkat çeken Don Juan Manuel (ö. 1348), Ortaçağ Avrupası’nda Müslüman-Hristiyan ilişkilerinin yoğunlaştığı bir devirde İber Yarımadası’nda yaşadı. Ortaçağ İspanya tarihinin en önemli âlimlerinden birisi olan bu İspanyol şahsiyet, edebiyat, tarih, teoloji ve siyaset bilimi gibi konularda eserler verdi. O, eserlerinde siyasi ve ahlaki dersler içeren anlatıların yanı sıra devlet yönetimi ve tarih gibi temalar işledi. Özellikle XIII. asırda Endülüs’ün en büyük şehirlerinin Hristiyanların eline geçmesiyle ciddi bir Müslüman nüfusun varlığını sürdürdüğü Kastilya topraklarında yaşayan Don Juan Manuel, çok dinli ve çok kültürlü Kastilya toplumunun bir üyesi olarak Müslümanlarla bir arada yaşayarak zamanla onları daha yakından tanıma imkânı buldu. Tarihçi, edebiyatçı, siyaset bilimci ve diplomat olan Don Juan Manuel, farklı konularda kaleme aldığı bazı eserlerinde İslâm kültürü ve Müslümanlar hakkında birtakım bilgilere yer verdi. Bu çalışmanın amacı Don Juan Manuel’in edebiyat, tarih ve siyaset gibi konularda kaleme aldığı eserlerdeki İslâm kültürü ve Müslümanlara dair bilgileri tespit edip onun İslâm algısını açıklamaktır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada Don Juan Manuel’in İslâm tasavvuru ile Ortaçağ İspanyası’nda daha önceki yıllarda yaşayan Hristiyan âlimlerin İslâm tasavvuru karşılaştırılarak İspanyol âlimin kendisinden önceki Hristiyan filozof, teolog ve yazarlardan düşünce yapısı bakımından ne gibi benzerlikler ve farklılıklara sahip olduğu ele alınacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Don Juan Manuel, İspanyol Edebiyatı, İslâm Edebiyatı, İspanya, Endülüs

Islamic Culture and Muslims in the Works of Don Juan Manuel

Don Juan Manuel (d. 1348), who attracted attention as a versatile scholar and colorful intellectual personality, lived on the Iberian Peninsula at a time when Muslim-Christian relations were intensifying in medieval Europe. This Spanish figure, one of the most important scholars in the history of medieval Spain, wrote work on subjects such as literature, history, theology and political science. In his works, he worked on themes such as state administration and history, as well as narratives containing political and moral lessons. Don Juan Manuel, who lived the lands of Castile, where a significant Muslim population continued to exist after it was conquered by Christians in the thirteenth century, had the opportunity to get to know Muslims better over time as a member of the multi-religious and multi-cultural Castilian society. Don Juan Manuel, a historian, writer, political scientist and diplomat, included some information about Islamic culture and Muslims in his works on different subjects. The aim of this study is to identify the information about Islamic culture and Muslims in the works written by Don Juan Manuel on subjects such as literature, history and politics and to explain his perception of Islam. In addition, in this study it will be discussed what similarities and differences the Spanish scholar had from the Christian philosophers, theologians and writers before him in terms of mentality by comparing Don Juan Manuel’s Islamic vision with the Islamic vision of Christian scholars who lived in medieval Spain in previous years.

Keywords:

Don Juan Manuel, Spanish Literature, Islamic Literature, Spain, al-Andalus,

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