Handan AKÜLKER, Hasan ŞILDIR, Erdal AYDIN

Karma Tam Sayılı Doğrusal Olmayan Programlama (MINLP) ile Bir Mikro Şebekenin Optimum Tasarımı ve Uzun Vadeli Elektrik Üretim Planının Oluşturulması

Karma tam sayılı doğrusal olmayan programlama (MINLP), enerji şebekelerinin optimum tasarımı ve uzun ya da kısa vadeli enerji üretim planlarının oluşturulması için kullanılabilecek bir optimizasyon yöntemidir. Literatürdeki pek çok yayın, doğrusal olan karma tam sayılı doğrusal programlama metotlarını kullanırken, önemli detayları bünyesinde bulundurabilen MINLP, çözümünün daha zor olmasından dolayı pek tercih edilmemiştir. Ancak, detaylı ve güvenilir karar verme mekanizmalarının oluşturulabilmesi için, MINLP optimizasyon metotlarının kullanılması kritiktir. Mikro şebeke; geleneksel ya da yenilenebilir ya da hibrit enerji kaynakları kullanan dağıtık güç jeneratörlerinden, depolama birimlerinden ve yüklerden oluşan bir çeşit enerji şebekesidir. Bir mikro şebeke, ana şebekeyi desteklemek amacıyla kurulabileceği gibi yalnıza belli bir lokasyonun elektrik talebini karşılamak amaçlı da kurulabilir. Türkiye’nin hem enerji kaynakları yönünden ithalata bağımlı oluşu hem de şebekelerde üretilen elektriğin iletimi sırasında meydana gelen enerji açıklarından dolayı, mikro şebekelerin optimum tasarımı ve uzun vadeli elektrik üretim planlarının oluşturulması son yıllarda elzem hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, yirmi yıllık proje ömrüne sahip bir mikro şebekenin optimum tasarımının yapılması ve uzun vadeli elektrik üretim planının yapılması hedeflenmiştir. Yenilenebilir ve geleneksel kaynaklı 14 adet güç jeneratörü, 1 adet elektrolizör ve 1 adet metanasyon reaktöründen oluşan sentetik doğalgaz üretim sistemi ve 1 adet enerji depolama birimi içeren aday ekipman havuzu oluşturulmuştur. MINLP ile bu havuzdan proje maliyetini minimize edecek kurulum ekipmanları seçilmiş ve seçilen ekipmanlar ile yarım saatlik periyotlarla elektrik üretim planlaması yapılmıştır. Paris Antlaşması’nı imzalayan bazı ülkelerde uygulanmaya başlanan karbondioksit emisyonu vergisi hesaplamalara dahil edilmiştir. Bu verginin eklendiği ve eklenmediği iki durum incelenmiş, optimum ekipman seçimleri ve üretim planlamaları karşılaştırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Karma tam sayılı doğrusal olmayan programlama (MINLP), Mikro şebeke optimizasyonu, Karbondioksit emisyonu, Hibrit enerji şebekeleri, Elektrik Üretim Planlaması

Optimum Design of a Microgrid and Establishment of a Long-Term Electricity Generation Plan with Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP)

Mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) is a frequently used optimization method for the optimum design of power grids and the creation of long or short-term power generation plans. Microgrid is a kind of energy grid consisting of storage units, distributed power generators consuming conventional or renewable or hybrid energy sources, and loads. A microgrid can be installed to support the main grid, or it can be installed only to meet the electricity demand of a particular location. The optimum design of micro-grids and the creation of long-term electricity generation plans have become essential in recent years due to Turkey's dependence on imports in terms of energy resources and the energy deficits that occur during the transmission of the electricity produced in the networks. In this study, it is aimed to make the optimum design of a micro-grid with a project life of twenty years and to make a long-term electricity generation plan. A candidate equipment pool including 14 renewable and conventional sourced power generators, 1 electrolyzer and 1 methanation reactor, a synthetic natural gas production system and 1 energy storage unit was created. With MINLP, installation equipment that will minimize the project cost was selected from this pool and electricity generation planning was made with the selected equipment in half-hourly periods. The carbon dioxide emission tax, which has been implemented in some countries that signed the Paris Agreement and and Green Deal is included in the calculations. Two cases where this tax is added and not added are examined, optimum equipment selections and production planning are compared.

Keywords:

Mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), Microgrid optimization, Carbon dioxide emission, Hybrid energy grids, Electricity production scheduling,

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