20120

Atık Vişne Çekirdeği Pirolitik Yağın Dizel Motorlarda Alternatif Yakıt Olarak Kullanılabilirliği

Bu çalışmada, piroliz yöntemiyle atık vişne çekirdeklerinden elde edilen pirolitik yağ (PY) fizikokimyasal olarak karakterize edildi. PY’nin fizikokimyasal yakıt özellikleri dizel ile kıyaslandığında yetersiz olduğu görüldü. Bu nedenle PY'nin dizel motorlarda alternatif bir yakıt olarak kullanılabilmesi için modifiye edilmesi gerekmekteydi. Yakıt özelliklerini iyileştirmek için PY’yi dizel ile karıştırmak iyi bir yaklaşım olabilirdi. Ancak PY dizel ile doğrudan homojen olarak karışmadı. PY'yi dizel ile homojen olarak karıştırmak için organik bir çözücü gerekliydi. Bu yüzden, n-bütanolü yardımcı bir çözücü olarak kullanarak çeşitli ağırlık oranlarında (ağırlıkça %) PY ile dizel karışımlarını başarılı bir şekilde hazırladık. Üçlü karışımların homojen olarak karışım sağlaya bilirliği, 48 saat sonra değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar, n-bütanol kullanılarak çok çeşitli kararlı homojen PY ve dizel karışımları yaratmanın mümkün olduğunu ortaya koyan üçlü faz diyagramında gösterildi. Karışım yakıtlar fizikokimyasal özellik yönünden PY'ye kıyasla artan kalorifik değer ve setan sayısı ve azalan kinematik viskozite, yoğunluk ve su içeriği gösterdi. Ancak setan sayısındaki artış dizele kıyasla optimum değerde olmadığı için karışımlara setan arttırıcı olarak 2-EthylhexylNitrate (2-EHN) ilave edildi. Böylece karışım yakıtların setan sayıları yaklaşık %84 oranında iyileştirildi. Sonuç olarak fizikokimyasal özellik yönünden ağırlıkça %40 dizel içeren (PY/Dizel/N-Bütanol/2-EHN) karışım yakıtların bir dizel motorunda alternatif bir yakıt olarak kullanılabileceği belirlendi.

The Usability of Waste Sour Cherry Kernel Pyrolytic Oil as Alternative Fuel in Diesel Engines

In this study, pyrolytic oil (PO) obtained from waste sour cherry kernels by pyrolysis method was characterized physiochemically. The physicochemical fuel properties of PO were found to be insufficient when compared to diesel. Therefore, PO had to be modified in order to be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. A good approach would be to mix PO with diesel to improve fuel properties. However, PO did not mix directly with diesel homogeneously. An organic solvent was required to mix the PO homogeneously with the diesel. Therefore, we have successfully prepared diesel blends with PO in various weight ratios (wt.%) using n-butanol as a co-solvent. The homogeneity of the triple mixtures was evaluated after 48 hours. The results are illustrated in the triple phase diagram demonstrating that it is possible to create a wide variety of stable homogeneous mixtures of PO and diesel using n-butanol. The blended fuels showed increased calorific value and cetane number and decreased kinematic viscosity, density and water content compared to PO in terms of physicochemical properties. However, since the increase in cetane number was not at optimum value compared to diesel, 2-EHN was added to the mixtures as a cetane improver. As a result, it was determined that mixed fuels containing 40% diesel by weight (PO/Diesel/N-Butanol/2-EHN) in terms of physicochemical properties can be used as an alternative fuel in a diesel engine.

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