Yağlık Ayçiçeği Çeşitlerinde Oluşan Kuş Zararı Miktarları ve Verime Etkileri

Dünya genelinde kuşların tarımsal alanlara vermiş olduğu zarar, çiftçiler açısından önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Tarımsal amaçlı kullanılan arazilerde şehirleşme veya çevre düzenlemesi amacıyla yapılan ağaçlandırma, kuşlara ait doğal yaşam alanlarını arttırdığı için, bu arazilerde yetiştirilen ürünlerin kuş zararından etkilenme oranını da artırmaktadır. Özellikle kuşlar, ayçiçeği yetiştiriciliği yapılan arazilerde ayçiçeği tohumuna önemli derecede zarar veren canlılardır. Bu çalışmada, kontrollü ve kontrolsüz şartlarda yetiştirilen 10 farklı yağlık ayçiçeği çeşidinde (Pioneer63F73, Pioneerp64LL05, Pioneer64LC108, PioneerPR64G46, Coral, Golsun, Şems, Aga1301, Duna ve Bosfora) kuş zararının tespiti ve bu zararın tane verimine olan etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda; kuş zararı en fazla %51.19’luk oranla Pioneer64LC108 çeşidinde belirlenmiş, en düşük kuş zararı ise Bosfora ve Şems çeşitlerinde sırasıyla %9.94 ve % 11.7 olmuştur. Tüm çeşitlerin ortalaması olarak kuş zararı tane veriminde yaklaşık olarak %35.1 oranında bir azalmaya neden olmuştur. Mevcut içerisinde, erkenci, tabla yapısı eğik ve iç bükey olan Bosfora ve Şems çeşitlerinin kuş zararından daha ez etkilendikleri ve verim kayıplarının daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ayçiçeği, kuş zararı, çeşit, tane verimi

Rates and Effects of Bird Damage on Grain Yield of Oil Sunflower Seedlings

Damage caused by birds to agricultural areas around the world causes significant economic losses for farmers. Because of urbanization for agricultural purposes or afforestation for environmental regulation increases the natural habitat for birds, the rate of agricultural products affected by bird damage is also increasing. Especially birds are causing considerable damage to sunflower seeds. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of 10 different oil sunflower seedlings (Pioneer63F73, Pioneerp64LL05, Pioneer64LC108, PioneerPR64G46, Coral, Golsun, Şems, Aga1301, Duna ve Bosfora) grown under controlled and uncontrolled conditions on grain yield. It is also aimed to determine the effect of this damage on grain yield. At the end of the study; Maximum bird damage was determined as 51.19% in Pioneer 64LC108 variety, while the lowest bird damage was 9.94% and 11.7% in Bosfora and Şems varieties respectively. Bird damage as a mean of all varieties resulted in a reduction by approximately 35.1% in grain yield. It has been determined that Bosfora and Şems varieties, which are early inclined and concave of the table structure, are affected less by bird damage and yield losses are lower.

Keywords:

sunflower, bird damage, variety, seed yield,

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