Bitki Genetik Kaynakları ve Tahıllardaki Durumu

Genetik çeşitlilik içeren bitki genetik kaynakları son yıllarda üstün nitelikli bitki çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesi için gerekli hammadde niteliğindedir. Ancak bitki genetik kaynakların bitki ıslahında kullanılması erozyona neden olmakta ve dünya gıda güvenliği için ciddi bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Genetik çeşitliliğin azalması, meydana gelen genetik erozyonun belirlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi birinci önceliktir. Bu nedenle genetik erozyon sonuçları belirlenmeli ve genetik kaynakların korunması gerekmektedir. Ülkemizde beslenme bakımından önemli olan tahıllar bitki çeşitliliği açısından da önemli kaynaklara sahiptir. Buğday başta olmak üzere tahılların korunması ve devamlılığının sağlanabilmesi için gereken önlemler yeterince alınmamaktadır. Bitki gen kaynakları yönünden zengin olan ülkemiz, genetik kaynakların belirlenmesi ve korunması konusunda stratejiler üreten ve uygulayan ülkelerden biri olmak zorundadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bitki, Tahıl, Genetik kaynaklar, Çeşitlilik, Genetik erozyon

Plant Genetic Resources and the Status of Cereals

In recent years, plant genetic resources, including genetic diversity is necesary for the development of superior quality raw materials plant varieties However, the use of plant genetic resources in plant breeding leads to erosion and constitutes a serious threat to world food security. The reduction of genetic diversity, identifying and assessing the genetic erosion taking place is the first priority. Therefore, the results of genetic erosion should be determined and must be the conservation of genetic resources. Cereals which are important in nutrition in our country and has significant resources in terms of plant diversity. Mainly in wheat, cereals conservation and measures to provide sustainability are not enough. Our country is rich in plant genetic resources, therefore conservation of genetic resources in identifying and producing and implementing strategies must be one of the countries.

Keywords:

Plant, Cereal, Genetic resources, Diversity, Genetic erosion,

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Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi,
Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü 32260, ISPARTA Geliş Tarihi Kabul Tarihi : 10.12.2014