PSCAD/EMTDC Simülasyon Programı kullanılarak bir Mikro Şebekenin Yük Frekans Kontrolü (LFC)

Güç kalitesinin sürekliliği, günümüzün modern şebeke yapısında ve geleceğin akıllı şebeke yapısında önemlidir. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının mevcut şebeke sistemine dâhil edilmesi ve teknolojik cihazların kullanımının artması güç kalitesinin düşmesine neden olacaktır. Güç sistemi harmonikleri, güç kalitesinde düşüşe neden olan faktörlerden biri olarak nitelendirilebilir. Bu faktörün etkileri önlenmezse, güç sistemlerinin performansında ve güvenilirliğinde ekonomik kayıplara neden olacak bir düşüşe yol açacaktır. Bu çalışmada, yakın gelecekte hayatımızda çok önemli bir rol oynayacak ve muhtemelen yeni şebeke altyapısına örnek olabilecek bir mikro şebeke tasarlanmıştır. Yukarıda bahsedilen bu mikro şebeke, PSCAD/EMTCD programı ile simule edilmiştir. Mikro şebekelerin, sistem güvenilirliğini artırmak, dağıtık üretim (DG) birimleri arasında paylaşmak ve frekans-gerilim değerlerini belirli sınırlarda tutmak için kontrol yöntemlerinin kullanması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada en çok kullanılan yöntemlerden biri olması ve literatürdeki başarısı kanıtlanmış olması nedeniyle droop control yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Tasarlanan sistem dört farklı senaryo ile test edilmiş ve sonuçlar tartışılmıştır. Güç kalitesini etkileyen nedenlerden biri olan yük frekansı kontrolü (LFC) özellikle analiz edildi. Elektrikli araçların (EV) sisteme dâhil edilmesi durumunda yeni çözüm önerileri sonucunda sağlanan ek maliyetler ve avantajlar değerlendirilmiştir. Özellikle çift yönlü enerji akış (V2G) özelliğine sahip elektrikli araçların şebekeye bağlanmaları sonucu ortaya çıkan yeni durumlar incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

LFC, Mikroşebeke, PSCAD/EMTDC, Güç Kalitesi, Akıllı Şebeke

Load Frequency Control (LFC) of a Microgrid using PSCAD/EMTDC Simulation Program

Continuity of the power quality is important in the modern day grid structure and the smart grid structure of the future. Incorporating the renewable energy sources to the present grid system and the increase of the usage of technology devices will cause the power quality to decrease. Power system harmonics can be characterized as one of the factors that causes a decrease in the power quality. The effects of this factor, if not prevented, will lead to a decrease in the performance and reliability of power systems which will cause economic losses. In this study, a micro grid, which will play a very important role in our lives in the near future and can possibly be an example to the new grid infrastructure, has been designed. This micro grid mentioned above has been simulated with the PSCAD/EMTCD program. Micro grids need to use control methods to increase system reliability, to share power between distributed generation (DG) units and to keep frequency-voltage values at certain limits. Droop control method is preferred in this paper since it is one of the most widely used methods and its success in literature has been proven. The designed system has been tested with four different scenarios and the results have been discussed. Load frequency control (LFC), one of the reasons that effect the power quality, was particularly analysed. The additional costs and the advantages provided as a result of novel solution proposals in the case of electric vehicles (EV) being incorporated to the system were evaluated. Particularly, provision of bidirectional energy flow of the vehicle to grid (V2G) featured electrical vehicles to the grid was examined.

Keywords:

LFC, Microgrid, Smart Grid, Power Quality, PSCAD/EMTDC,

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