Aliasghar CHALMEH, Khalil BADIEI, Mehrdad POURJAFAR, Saeed NAZIFI

Synovial Fluid Antioxidant Vitamins and Trace Elements in Clinically Healthy and Arthritic Joints of Dromedary Camels

Forty six male dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius), 5 to 10 years of age were entered in this study. Before slaughtering, the animals were visually examined for abnormalities in musculoskeletal system. 33 out of 46 camels did not have any clinical articular abnormalities, whereas 13 ones had gross problems such as lameness and swollen tarsal joints. Based on clinical signs and disease history, these animals were suspected to arthritis. After slaughtering, synovial fluid specimens were taken from tarsal joints of all animals, aseptically and concentrations of zinc, copper, selenium, iron and vitamin A, E and C were assayed. Concentrations of selenium and vitamin C in arthritic joints were significantly lower than clinically healthy camels (P<0.05). Zinc concentration of arthritic synovial fluid was significantly higher than normal joints. These data showed that the arthritis could change the synovial fluid vitamins and trace elements in dromedary camels. In conclusion, the results of the current research showed that arthritic joints are in an oxidative stress situation and information regarding the changing patterns of vitamins and trace elements in synovial fluids can be considered as prognostic and diagnostic criteria for articular inflammatory processes.

Keywords:

-,

PDF

___

Al-Rukibat, R.K., Bani Ismail, Z.A., Al-Zghoul, M.B., 2006. Cytologic analysis of synovial fluid in clinically normal tarsal joints of young camels (Camelus dromedarius). Veterinary Clinical Pathology 35 (3), 326-328.
Bani Ismail, Z., Al-Rukibat, R., 2006. Synovial fluid cell counts and total protein concentration in clinically normal fetlock joints of young dromedarian camels. Journal of Veterinary Medicine A. Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine 53, 263-265.
Blake, D.R., Hall, N.D., Treby, D.A., Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.M., 1981. Protection against superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in synovial fluid from rheumatoid patients. Clinical Science 61 (4), 483-486.
Ellah, M.R.A., Ali, M.M., Semieka, M.A., 2012. Comparative studies on biochemical and cytological constituents of synovial fluids in some farm animals. Comparative Clinical Pathology 21 (5), 901-904.
Feri, B., Stocker, R., Ames, B.N., 1988. Antioxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation in human blood plasma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 85 (24), 9748-9752.
Halliwell, B., Hoult, J.R.S., Blake, D.R., 1988. Oxidants, inflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs. The Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2 (13), 2867-2873.
Hitchon, C.A., El-Gabalawy, H.S., 2004. Oxidation in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Research and Therapy 6 (6), 265-278.
Honkanen, V., Konttiren, Y.T., Sorsa, T., Hukkanen, M., Kemppinen, P., Santavirta, S., Saari, H., Westermarok, T., 1991. Serum zinc, copper and selenium in rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 5 (4), 261-263.
Honkanen, V.E., 1991. The factors effecting plasma glutathione peroxidase and selenium in rheumatoid arthritis: a multiple linear regression analyses. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 20 (6), 385-391.
Igari, T., Kaneda, H., Houriuchi, S., Ono, S., 1982. A remarkable increase of superoxide dismutase activity in synovial fluid of patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 162, 282-287.
Jaswal, S., Mehta, H.C., Sood, A.K., Kaur, J., 2003. Antioxidant status in rheumatoid arthritis and role of antioxidant therapy. Clinica Chimica Acta 338 (1-2), 123-129.
Kose, K., Dogan, P., Kardas, Y., Saraymen, P., 1996. Plasma selenium levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Biological Trace Element Research 53 (1-3), 51-56.
Lockitch, G., 1989. Selenium: clinical significance and analytical concepts. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 27 (6), 483-541.
Maddipati, K.R., Marnet, L.J., 1987. Characterization of the major hydroperoxide reducing activity of human plasma. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262 (36), 17398-17403.
Madison, J.R., Sommer, M., Spencer, P.A., 1991. Relations among synovial membrane histopathologic findings, synovial fluid cytologic findings, and bacterial culture results in horses with suspected infectious arthritis: 64 cases (1979-1987). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 198 (9), 1655-1661.
Mazzetti, I., Grigolo, B., Borzì, R.M., Meliconi, R., Facchini, A., 1996. Serum copper/zinc superoxide dismutase levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. International Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research 26 (4), 245- 249.
Merry, P., Winyard, P.G., Morris, C.J., Grootveld, M., Blake, D.R., 1989. Oxygen free radicals, inflammation and synovitis: the current status. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 48 (10), 864-870.
Michiels, C., Raes, M., Toussaint, O., Remacle, J., 1994. Importance of Se-glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and Cu/Zn-SOD for cell survival against oxidative stress. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 17 (3), 235-248.
Najizadeh, M.H., Pourjafar, M., Chalmeh, A., Badiei, K., Nazifi, S., Naghib, M., 2014. Synovial fluid inflammatory cytokines and proteins in clinically healthy and arthritic joint of dromedary camels. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 8 (1), 51-55.
Nazifi, S., Rezakhani, A., Gheisari, H.R., 1998. Physical, biochemical and cytologic properties of blood and synovial fluid in clinically normal adult camel (Camelus dromedarius). Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 45 (3), 155-160.
O'dell, J.R., Lemley-Gillespie, S., Palmer, W.R., Weaver, A.L., Moore, G.F., Klassen, L.W., 1991. Serum selenium concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 50 (6), 376-378.
Ozturk, H.S., Cimen, M.Y.B., Cimen, O.B., Kacmaz, M., Drek, J., 1999. Oxidant/antioxidant status of plasma samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology International 19 (1-2), 35-37.
Parnharm, M.J., Winkelman, J., Leyck, S., 1983. Macrophage, lymphocyte and chronic inflammation responses in selenium deficient rodents. International Journal of Immunopharmacology 5 (5), 455-461.
Snyder, L.R., Kirkland, J.J., Glajch, J.L., 1997. Practical HPLC 1Method Development, Second Edition. Wiley- Interscience Company, pp. 237-350.
Surapneni, K.M., Gopan,V.Sc., 2008. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 23 (1), 41-44.
Tappel, A.L., 1973. Lipid peroxidation damage to cell components. Federation Proceedings 32 (8), 1870- 1874.
Waguespack, R.W., Belknap, E.B., Spano, J.S., Wenzel, J.G., Pugh, D., 2002. Analysis of synovial fluid from clinically normal alpaca and llamas. American Journal of Veterinary Research 63 (4), 576-578.
Yazar, M., Sarban, S., Kocyigit, A., Isikan, U.E., 2005. Synovial fluid and plasma selenium, copper, zinc, and iron concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Biological Trace Element Research 106 (2), 123-132.