Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether intraoperative histopathological examination could predict the risk of relapse of infection in periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). Methods: The study included 25 patients (14 women and 11 men, with a mean age of 67.0 years (range, 37e83 years)), who had two-staged revision surgery for a PJI. Following prosthetic removal in the first stage, all patient underwent an intraoperative histopathological examination during the second stage. The patients were divided into PMNs-positive group ( five PMNs per high-powered field) or -negative group (
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13. Kunutsor SK, Whitehouse MR, Blom AW, Beswick AD, Team I. Re-infection outcomes following one- and two-stage surgical revision of infected hip prosthesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;9: e0139166. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139166.
12. Wu C, Qu X, Mao Y, et al. Utility of intraoperative frozen section in the diag-nosis of periprosthetic joint infection. PLoS One. 2014;7:e102346. https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102346.
11. Osmon DR, Berbari EF, Berendt AR, et al. Diagnosis and management of pros-thetic joint infection: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;1:e1ee25. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ cis803.
10. Setoguchi T, Kawakami H, Ishidou Y, et al. Cut-off values of latent infection in patients with rapid migration following bipolar hip hemiarthroplasty. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;1:37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-016-0876-3.
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8. Osmon DR, Berbari EF, Berendt AR, et al. Executive summary: diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infection: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56:1e10. https:// doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis966, 2012/12/12 ed.
7. Kwiecien G, George J, Klika AK, Zhang Y, Bauer TW, Rueda CA. Intraoperative frozen section histology: matched for musculoskeletal infection society criteria. J Arthroplasty. 2017;1:223e227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2016.06.019.
6. George J, Kwiecien G, Klika AK, et al. Are frozen sections and MSIS criteria reliable at the time of reimplantation of two-stage revision arthroplasty? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016;7:1619e1626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-015-4673-3.
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2. Hsieh PH, Shih CH, Chang YH, Lee MS, Shih HN, Yang WE. Two-stage revision hip arthroplasty for infection: comparison between the interim use of antibiotic-loaded cement beads and a spacer prosthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86:1989e1997. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200409000-00018.
1. Chen AF, Heller S, Parvizi J. Prosthetic joint infections. Surg Clin North Am. 2014;6:1265e1281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2014.08.009.