Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term, high-magnitude whole-bodyvibration (WBV) on serum type I collagen turnover in immobilized rats.Materials and Methods:Thirty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into the following 5 groups:immobilization (IS), immobilization?remobilization (IR), immobilization?WBV (IV), control (C), andWBV control (CV). Immobilization was achieved by casting from the crista iliaca anterior superior to thelower part of the foot for 2 weeks. The applied WBV protocol involved a frequency of 45 Hz andamplitude of 3 mm for 7 days starting a day after the end of the immobilization period. Serum type Icollagen turnover markers were measured by using ELISA kits.Results:Serum NH2-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP) levels were significantly lower in theimmobilization groups (p<0.02) compared with the control groups. Although WBV improved PINPlevels in the control groups, there were no differences in PINP levels among the immobilization groups.Similarly, serum COOH-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) levels were higher in the WBVcontrols than their own controls (p<0,05). Immobilization led to deterioration of tendon tissue, asobserved by histopathological analysis with a transmission electron microscope.Conclusion:Although 1 week of WBV had a positive effect on type I collagen turnover in controls, it is notan efficient method for repairing tissue damage in the early stage following immobilization.©2016 Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This isan open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
___
1. Christensen B, Dyrberg E, Aagaard P, Kjaer M, Langberg H. Short-term immo-bilization and recovery affect skeletal muscle but not collagen tissue turnoverin humans.J Appl Physiol. 2008;105(6):1845e1851.2. de Boer MD, Selby A, Atherton P, et al. The temporal responses of proteinsynthesis, gene expression and cell signalling in human quadriceps muscle andpatellar tendon to disuse.J Physiol. 2007;585:241e251.3. Kannus P, Jozsa L, Natri A, JEURarvinen M. Effects of training, immobilization andremobilization on tendons.Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1997;7(2):67e71.4. Majewski M, Schaeren S, Kohlhaas U, Ochsner PE. Postoperative rehabilitationafter percutaneous Achilles tendon repair: early functional therapy versus castimmobilization.Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30(20-22):1726e1732.5. Vioreanu M, Dudeney S, Hurson B, Kelly E, O'Rourke K, Quinlan W. Earlymobilization in a removable cast compared with immobilization in a cast afteroperative treatment of ankle fractures: a prospective randomized study.FootAnkle Int. 2007;28(1):13e19.6. Chanou K, Gerodimos V, Karatrantou K, Jamurtas A. Whole-body vibration andrehabilitation of chronic diseases: a review of the literature.J Sports Sci Med.2012;11(2):187e200.7. Baecker N, Frings-Meuthen P, Heer M, Mester J, Liphardt AM. Effects of vi-bration training on bone metabolism: results from a short-term bed rest study.Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(5):1741e1750.8. Christiansen B, Silva MJ. The effect of varying magnitudes of whole-body vibra-tion on several skeletal sites in mice.Ann Biomed Eng. 2006;34(7):1149e1156.9. Keller BV, Davis ML, Thompson WR, Dahners LE, Weinhold PS. Varying wholebody vibration amplitude differentially affects tendon and ligament structuraland material properties.J Biomech. 2013;46(9):1496e1500.10. Marín PJ, Martín-Lopez A, Vicente-Campos D, et al. Effects of vibration trainingand detraining on balance and muscle strength in older adults.J Sports Sci Med.2011;10(3):559e564.11. Prisby RD, Lafage-Proust MH, Malaval L, Belli A, Vico L. Effects of whole bodyvibration on the skeleton and other organ systems in man and animal models:what we know and what we need to know.Ageing Res Rev. 2008;7(4):319e329.12. Orum O, Hansen M, Jensen CH, et al. Procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide(PINP) as an indicator of type I collagen metabolism: ELISA development,reference interval, and hypovitaminosis D induced hyperparathyroidism.Bone.1996;19:157e163.13. Frimel TN, Kapadia F, Gaidosh GS, Li Y, Walter GA, Vandenborne K. A model ofmuscle atrophy using cast immobilization in mice.Muscle Nerve. 2005;32(5):672e674.14. Atay OA, Pekmezci M, Doral MN, Sargon MF, Ayvaz M, Johnson DL. Discoidmeniscus: an ultrastructural study with transmission electron microscopy.AmJ Sports Med. 2007;35(3):475e478.15.SavolainenJ, Myllyla R, Vihko V, V'daniinen K, Takala TES. Effects of denerva-tion and immobilization on collagen synthesis in rat skeletal muscle andtendon.Am J Physiol. 1988;254:R897eR902.16. Goldspink DF. The influence of immobilization and stretch on protein turnoverof rat skeletal muscle.J Physiol Land. 1977;264:267e282.17. Xie L, Rubin C, Judex S. Enhancement of the adolescent murine musculoskeletalsystem using low-level mechanical vibrations.J Appl Physiol. 2008;104(4):1056e1062.18. Pathare NC, Stevens JE, Walter GA, et al. Deficit in human muscle strength withcast immobilization: contribution of inorganic phosphate.Eur J Appl Physiol.2006;98:71e78.19. Stehno-Bittel L, Reddy GK, Gum S, Enwemeka CS. Biochemistry and biome-chanics of healing tendon. I. Effects of rigid plaster casts and functional casts.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30:788e793.20. Nakagawa Y, Totsuka M, Sato T, Fukuda Y, Hirota K. Effect of disuse on theultrastructure of the achilles tendon in rats.Eur J Appl Physiol. 1989;59:239e242.21. Miyahara M, Njieha FK, Prockop DJ. Formation of collagenfibrils in vitro bycleavage of procollagen with procollagen proteinases.J Biol Chem. 1982;257:8442e8448.22. Garnero P, Ferreras M, Karsdal MA, et al. The type I collagen fragments ICTP andCTX reveal distinct enzymatic pathways of bone collagen degradation.J BoneMin Res. 2003;18:859e867.23. Karpakka J, VEURaEURanEURanen K, Virtanen P, Savolainen J, Orava S, Takala TES. Theeffects of remobilization and exercise on collagen biosynthesis in rat tendon.Physiol Scdnd. 1990;139:139e145.24. Savolainen J, VEURaEURanEURanen K, Vihko V, Puranen J, Takala TE. Effect of immobili-zation on collagen synthesis in rat skeletal muscles.Am J Physiol. 1987;252(5 Pt2):R883eR88