Ortodontik tedavide karşılaşılan allerjik reaksiyonlar

Allerji, normalde zararsız olan maddelere karşı oluşan uygunsuz ve zararlı bir cevap olarak tanımlanabilir. Diş hekimliğinin bütün alanlarında olduğu gibi ortodontide de allerjik reaksiyonlarla sıklıkla karşılaşılmaktadır. Ortodontik materyallere karşı istenmeyen hasta reaksiyonları hem irritan hem de hipersensitivite reaksiyonları şeklinde görülebilmektedir. İrritan orijinli reaksiyonlar yumuşak dokular ve ortodontik aparey kısımları arasındaki direkt sürtünmeden kaynaklanmaktadır. Hipersensitivite reaksiyonları ise bazı materyallerin antijenitesine bağlıdır ve istenmeyen hasta cevabıyla sonuçlanmaktadır. Hipersensitivite reaksiyonları genelde yüz ve boyunda allerjik kontakt dermatit olarak kendini gösterse de, mukozal ve gingival reaksiyonlar, potansiyel genel dermal ve sistemik reaksiyonlar da nadir olarak görülebilmektedir. Ortodontik tedavide en sık karşılaşılan allerjik reaksiyonlar lateks, metal ve akrilik rezin kaynaklıdır. Bu materyallerin dışında braketlerin yapıştırılmasında kullanılan bonding ajanlarına, ekstraoral apareylere, dezenfektanlarave antimikrobial ajanlarakarşı allerjik reaksiyonlar gelişebilmektedir. Ekstraoral apareyler nedeniyle oluşan reaksiyonlar apareylerin metalik, elastik kısımlarına veya doku ile temasta olan aparey parçalarına bağlı olarak gelişebilmektedir. Ortodontistlerin uygulanan tedavi sırasında allerjik reaksiyonlar açısından dikkatli olması, hastanın genel sağlığının korunması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, ortodontik tedavi sırasında sıklıkla karşılaşılan allerjik reaksiyonları incelemek ve hekimin alabileceği önlemleri tartışmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Allerjik reaksiyon, dental materyaller, ortodonti

Allergic reactions seen in orthodontic treatment

Allergy can be defined as inappropriate and harmful response to harmless and ordinary materials. Allergic reactions, like in other fields of dentistry, can also be seen in the field of orthodontics. The reactions that occur against orthodontic materials can be seen as irritant or hypersensitivity reactions. The main reason of the irritant reactions is friction between soft tissues and orthodontic appliances. However, the reason of the hypersensitivity reactions is usually the antigenicity of the materials. Hypersensitivity reactions are usually seen as allergic contact dermatitis on face and neck; the occurrence of mucosal-gingival reactions and dermal and systemic reactions are rare. Latex, metal and acrylic resins are the most common allergens in orthodontics. Apart from these materials, allergic reactions can occur against bonding materials, extraoral appliances, disinfectants and antimicrobial agents. The reactions that occur against extraoral appliances usually result from metallic and elastic parts of the appliances or the appliance parts that are in contact with skin. Orthodontists should be aware of the allergic reactions to protect their patients’ health. The aim of this review was to evaluate the allergic reactions seen in orthodontic patients and discuss the cautions that orthodontists can take.

Keywords:

Allergic reaction, dental materials, orthodontics,

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