Glutatyon ile İlişkili Enzim Sistemleri Kullanılarak Oreochromis niloticus’ta Cıva Toksisitesi Üzerine Antioksidan Olarak Selenyum ve Mineral Olarak Zeolitin Koruyucu Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Cıva yeryüzündeki en toksik ağır metallerden biridir. Selenyum canlılar için gerekli olan ve antioksidan özellikleri de bulunan bir elementtir. Zeolit ise sucul ortamlarda ağır metallerin uzaklaştırılmasında yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan bir mineraldir. Bu araştırmada Oreochromis niloticus’un dokularındaki glutatyon (GSH) ve GSH ile ilişkili enzim sistemleri üzerine cıvanın toksik etkileri ve bu biyokimyasal toksisite üzerine selenyumun ve zeolitin olası koruyucu etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla balıklar 0,01 ve 0,1 mg/L cıva; 0,01 mg/L cıva+0,1 mg/L selenyum, 0,1 mg/L cıva+1,0 mg/L selenyum ve 0,01 mg/L cıva+ 0,1 g/L zeolit, 0,1 mg/L cıva+1,0 g/L zeolit derişimlerinin etkisine 7 ve 21 gün süreler ile bırakılmış ve solungaç, karaciğer ve kas dokularındaki GSH düzeyi ve glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx), glutatyon-S-transferaz (GST) ve glutatyon redüktaz (GR) enzim aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. Cıvanın tek başına ve cıva+selenyum ve cıva+zeolit karşımlarının etkisinde incelenen tüm biyokimyasal parametrelerde dokulara, ortam derişimlerine ve etki süresine bağlı olarak önemli değişimler saptanmıştır. Solungaç ve karaciğerde GSH düzeyi ve GR aktivitesi azalma, GPx ve GST aktiviteleri ise artış göstermiştir. Kasta ise GST dışındaki parametrelerde önemli bir değişim gözlenmemiştir. İncelenen tüm parametreler üzerine tek başına cıva etkisinin selenyum ve zeolit ile birlikte etkisine göre daha yüksek ve kimyasalların etkilerinin genel olarak Hg>Hg+Zeolit>Hg+Se şeklinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarımız O. niloticus’ta cıvanın neden olduğu toksisite üzerine selenyum ve zeolitin koruyucu bir etkiye sahip ve selenyumun zeolite oranla koruyuculuk etkisinin biraz daha fazla olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Oreochromis niloticus, Cıva, Selenyum, Zeolit, Glutatyon

Investigation of Protective Effects of Selenium as Antioxidant and Zeolite as Mineral on Mercury Toxicity in Oreochromis niloticus Using Glutathione-Related Enzyme Systems

Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals on earth. Selenium is an element that is essential for living things and has antioxidant properties. Zeolite is a mineral commonly used in the removal of heavy metals in aquatic environments. In this study, it was aimed to determine the toxic effects of mercury on glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzyme systems and the possible protective effects of selenium and zeolite on this biochemical toxicity in tissues of Oreochromis niloticus. For this purpose fish were exposed to 0.01 and 0.1 mg/L mercury; 0.01 mg/L mercury+0.1 mg/L selenium, 0.1 mg/L mercury+1.0 mg/L selenium and 0.01 mg/L mercury+ 0.1 g/L zeolite, 0.1 mg/L mercury+1.0 g/L zeolite for 7 and 21 days and and GSH level and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) in gill, liver and muscle tissues were determined. Significant alterations in GSH level and GSH-related enzymes activities in the exposure of Hg alone, Hg+Se, and Hg+zeolite mixtures were observed due to tissues, medium concentrations, and exposure period. In the gill and liver tissues, GSH level and GR activity reduced while GPx and GST activities increased. In the muscle, it was not observed a significant change in other parameters except for the GST. The effect of Hg alone on analyzed all parameters were higher than in combination with Se and zeolite and the order of their effects found Hg>Hg+zeolite>Hg+Se. Our research results show that selenium and zeolite have a protective effect on the toxicity caused by mercury in O. niloticus and that selenium has a slightly more protective effect than zeolite.

Keywords:

Oreochromis niloticus, Mercury, Selenium, Zeolite, Glutathione,

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