Otofaji: Bir Hücresel Stres Yanıtı ve Ölüm Mekanizması

Otofaji uzun ömürlü proteinlerin, organellerin ve sitoplazmik parçacıkların parçalanmasından sorumlu fizyolojik bir fenomendir. Otofaji, lizozomal parçalanmadan sonra hücresel geridönüşümü sağlar ve hücrenin açlık, büyüme faktörü yokluğu ve oksidatif stres gibi çeşitli koşullarda hayatta kalmasına yardımcı olur. Paradoksal olarak bazı koşullar altında otofaji hücreyi kaspaz bağımsız yolak üzerinden, apoptotik olmayan hücre ölümüyle, öldürebilmektedir Tip II hücre ölümü ya da otofajik hücre ölümü . Birçok veri, klasik apoptoz ile otofaji arasında doğrudan bir bağlantı olduğunu işaret etmektedir ve bu bağlantı moleküler düzeyde aydınlatılmaya başlanmıştır. Apoptoz ve otofaji arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşim oldukça karışık gibi gözükmektedir. Fakat bu alandaki araştırmalar kanser, enfeksiyonlar ve nörodejenaratif hastalıklar gibi sağlık problemleri için yeni tanı, takip ve tedavi yöntemlerine yol açma potansiyeli nedeniyle çok büyük önem arz etmektedir

Autophagy: a Cellular Stres and Cell Death Mechanism

Abstract: Autophagy is a physiological phenomenon responsible for the degradation of long-lived proteins, organelles and cytoplasmic fragments. It allows cellular recycling following lysosomal degradation and helps the cell to survive various stress conditions including starvation, growth factor and oxidative stress. Paradoxically, under certain conditions autophagy may kill the cell through a caspase-independent, non-apoptotic type of cell death Type II cell death or autophagic cell death . Several lines of evidence point out to a direct connection between classical apoptosis and autophagy. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis-autophagy connection start to be unraveled. The cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis seems quite complex but certainly is critical for the development of novel diagnosis, follow-up and treatment modalities in health problems such as cancer, infections and neurodegenerative diseases

Keywords:

autophagy apoptosis, cell survival, signal tranduction,

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