Kırmızı Çamurdan Değerli Elementlerin Geri Kazanımına Yönelik Yapılan Araştırmaların Derlenmesi

Kırmızı çamur, boksit cevherlerinden Bayer prosesi ile alümina üretimi esnasında açığa çıkan bir atıktır. Genellikle, kırmızı çamur fabrikadan pompalanarak bir atık barajında toplanır. Ancak depolama işlemi büyük arazi kaybına yol açmakla birlikte, kırmızı çamurun yüksek bazik özelliğinden dolayı, su kaynakları ve çevre kirliliğini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Kırmızı çamuru değerlendirmek amacıyla inşaat malzemesi, cam ve seramik malzemesi, su arıtma, renklendirici ve katalizör gibi kullanımlar önerilmiştir. Fakat söz konusu kullanımlar, ekonomik olarak büyük kazanç sağlamadıkları için veya üretilen ürüne milyonlarca ton kırmızı çamuru tüketecek kadar piyasada talep olmadığı için ticari şirketler ve yatırımcılar tarafından ilgi görmemiştir. Diğer alternatif kullanım ise kırmızı çamurdan değerli elementlerin geri kazanımıdır. Kırmızı çamur kayda değer oranlarda Fe, Al ve Ti gibi endüstriyel metaller ve Sc, Ce, ve La gibi nadir toprak elementler içermektedir. Bu konuda literatürde çok sayıda araştırma yapılmıştır ve hala da yapılmaktadır. Dünyada birçok ülkede yapılan araştırmalar ile paralel olarak Türkiye’de de Seydişehir kırmızı çamurunun değerlendirmesine yönelik araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Bu makalede Dünyada ve Türkiye’de geçmişten günümüze kadar kırmızı çamurdan değerli metalleri kazanmaya yönelik yapılan araştırmalar derlenmiş ve gruplandırılmıştır.

Recovery of valuable elements from Red Mud – a review

Red mud is a waste material of the Bayer process for alumina production from bauxite ore. Red mud is generally pumped to disposal in an artificial pond. In addition to the vast area of the land occupied, red mud pollutes water resources and leads to environmental issues because of its high alkalinity. Application of red mud in construction materials, ceramic and glass industry, water purification and as coloring or catalytic agent has been proposed in the literature. However, these applications are not noticed by the companies and investors because the relatively low economic value of the products or because of their limited market which cannot respond to the huge amounts of red mud disposal. An alternative application is the recovery of valuable elements from red mud. Red mud contains appreciable amounts of industrial metals such as Fe, Al and Ti and rare earth elements like Sc, Ce and La. Extensive researches have been carried out into the topic worldwide. Parallel with the other countries worldwide, researches have also been carried out in Turkey on the utilization of Seydişehir red mud. This paper reviews and classifies the researches into the extraction of valuable elements from the red mud carried out in Turkey and worldwide.

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