MACARİSTAN HÜKÜMETİNİN GÖÇMEN KRİZİNE YÖNELİK SÖYLEMLERİNİN ANALİZİ: AVRUPA ŞÜPHECİLİĞİ VE GÜVENLİKLEŞTİRMENİN BİR BİRLEŞİMİ

Suriye krizinden günümüze, üye devletler arasında hem tutum, hem de politika yönelimlerinde çeşitliliğe ve engellere yol açan göç konusu; Avrupa siyasetinin artan daimi tartışma konularından biri haline gelmiştir. Göçmen krizi, Avrupa şüpheci aktörlerin konuyu siyasallaştırma ve güvenlikleştirme meselesi olarak kullanabilecekleri bir alan yaratmıştır. Avrupa şüpheci söylem; güvenlikleştirme boyutunu gündeme getirerek, göçmen krizini ulusal, ekonomik, kültürel ve iç güvenliğe bir tehdit olarak çerçevelendirmektedir. Bu hususta, sınır kontrolleri ve alıkoyma gibi yeni güvenlik önlemleri ile göç karşıtı temaları kullanan söylemler, Macaristan gibi bazı üye ülkelerde görünür hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın odak noktası; ana mesajları, ana kararları ve arkasındaki nedenleri anlamak adına Macaristan’ın krize karşı genel pozisyonu ve politika yönelimlerini analiz etmektir. Betimleyici tutum analizinde 160’tan fazla resmi belgenin içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Macaristan’ın, Avrupa göç yönetişiminin aksine, ilk tema olarak güvenlikleştirici bir söyleme gittiği görülmektedir. İkinci tema ise; antidemokratik ve hukuka aykırı olmakla suçladığı ve uygarlık felaketiyle sonuçlanacağını ileri sürdüğü politika tercihleri nedeniyle Brüksel’e karşı Budapeşte’nin Avrupa şüpheci bir duruş sergilemesidir. Bir diğer ifadeyle, göçmen krizine karşı genel Macar pozisyonu ve politika yönelimlerinin, güvenlikleştirme ve Avrupa şüpheciliğin bir birleşimi olduğu sonucuna varılmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak son temada, Macaristan’ın tehdit olarak resmettiği göçmen krizi için önerdiği çözüm, yeni güvenlik önlemleri alarak krizi “durdurmaktır”.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Güvenlikleştirme, Göç, Avrupa Şüpheciliği, Macaristan, Avrupa Birliği

THE ANALYSIS OF THE HUNGARIAN GOVERNMENT’S DISCOURSE TOWARDS THE MIGRANT CRISIS: A COMBINATION OF SECURITIZATION AND EUROSCEPTICISM

Since the Syrian crisis, migration has emerged as a rising and permanent discussion of European politics that has both created diversity and caused obstacles in the attitudes and policy orientations across the member states. In addition, the migrant crisis opened a space for Eurosceptic actors to exploit it as an issue for politicization and securitization. Eurosceptic discourse has framed the migrant crisis as a threat to national, economic, cultural and internal security, bringing its securitization aspect into question. In this respect, new security measures, such as border controls and detention, and a discourse that employs anti-migration themes have become visible in many member states. The focus of this study is to analyse Hungary’s overall position and policy orientations towards the crisis in order to deconstruct its main messages, identify the interlocutors and the reasons behind particular perspectives. In this descriptive content analysis, more than 160 official documents have been thoroughly examined. It was observed that in opposition to the European migration governance, Hungary has gone through a securitizing discourse as the first theme. The second theme is that due to Brussels’ policy preferences, which are characterized to be anti-democratic and unlawful, and believed to have created a civilization disaster, Budapest has exhibited a Eurosceptic stance. Hungary’s overall position and policy orientations towards the migrant crisis are concluded to be the combination of securitization and Euroscepticism. Accordingly in the last theme, Hungary’s proposed solution to the migrant crisis, which was framed as a threat, is “stopping” it by initiating new security measures.

Keywords:

Securitization, Migration, Euroscepticism, Hungary, European Union,

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