YOKSULLUKLA BAŞA ÇIKMA STRATEJİLERİ, “KAYNAKLARIN YOKSULLUĞU” VE KADIN EMEĞİ

Bu makalenin temel amacı, yardım alan hanelerde kadınların yoksulluğa karşı nasıl mücadele ettiklerini analiz etmektir. Hane stratejileri kavramı, özellikle 1980 sonrası gelişmekte olan ülkelerde; yeniden yapılanma politikaları ve ekonomik krizlerin yoksullaştırıcı etkileriyle hanelerin nasıl başa çıktıklarını anlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Geçim stratejisi analizinde insanlar yoksulluğun pasif kurbanları yerine üretken ve aktif aktörler olarak görülmektedir. Ancak yoksulluğa karşı geliştirilen stratejiler hanelerin sahip olduğu kaynaklar ve içinde bulundukları yapısal koşullardan bağımsız değildir. Bu çalışmada “hane geçim stratejileri” kavramına eleştirel bir mesafeden yaklaşılmaktadır. Çünkü kavram hem yoksulların kaynaklarına fazlaca önem vermekte hem de “kaynakların yoksulluğu” nu “idare etmek” için yoksullukla mücadele eden kadın emeğinin yükünü gizlemektedir. Bu inceleme Eskişehir’de belediyelerden yardım alan 300 hane üzerine yapılan alan araştırmasına dayanmaktadır.

STRATEGIES FOR COPING WITH POVERTY, “POVERTY OF RESOURCES” AND WOMAN’S LABOUR

This article mainly aims to analyze fighting methods against poverty, of the women of the households who get relief. The concept of household strategies is used for understanding how households cope with the impoverishing impacts of restructuring policies and economic crisis especially in the developing countries since eighties. In the survival strategies analysis, people are considered as productive and active actors instead of being passive victims of poverty. However strategies developed against poverty are not independent from own resources of the households and structural condition they live in. This study has a critical approach to the concept of household survival strategies, since this concept overrates the resources of the poor and disguises the load on the labor of women who fight against poverty in order to “manage” the “poverty of resources”. This study based on the field research made on 300 households that get relief from the municipalities in Eskişehir.

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