Nilay GEMLİK, İbrahim Sani MERT, Ünsal SIĞRI

ÖRGÜTSEL DEĞİŞİMİ BAŞARMADA HASTANE YÖNETİCİLERİNİN LİDERLİK DAVRANIŞLARI YÖNELİMİ: KAMU VE ÖZEL SEKTÖRDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ

Örgütsel değişimin başarılmasında büyük sorunlarla karşılaşılmakta ve örgütlerin sınırlı bakış açısıyla incelenmesinin sonucunda değişim çabaları sonuçsuz kalabilmektedir. Bolman ve Deal (1984) örgütsel resmin bütününün görülebilmesi maksadıyla “çoklu çerçeve kuramını” ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmada, kamu ve özel sektör hastanelerindeki yöneticilerin liderlik yönelimleri, Bolman ve Deal (1991) tarafından ortaya konan “Liderlik Yönelimleri Anketi” bağlamında incelenmiştir. Yöneticilere ve takipçilere (çalışanlara) uygulanan anket ile yöneticilerin yapısal, insan kaynakları, politik ve sembolik liderlik davranışlarına gösterdikleri yönelimler belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda kamu hastanesi yöneticileri, kendilerinin sıklıkla insan kaynakları boyutunda liderlik davranışları gösterdiklerini düşünmektedirler Analizin genelinden elde edilen bulgularda, kamu ve özel hastane yöneticilerinin farklı liderlik çerçevelerini değişik ortam ve zamanlarda değişik düzeylerde kullandıkları ortaya konmuştur. Buna ilaveten, kamu ve özel sektör yöneticilerince kullanılan liderlik çerçevelerinde önemli farklar bulunmadığı görülmüştür. Ancak, etkili yöneticilik-liderlik sergilenmesi konusunda, bakış açısı farklılığının özel sektörde oldukça büyük olduğu belirlenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Örgütsel Değişim, Liderlik, Liderlik Yönelimleri, Liderlik

Many problems can appear in organizational change attempts due to narrow frames of reference in contemplating organizations. Bolman & Deal (1984) developed “multi-frame theory” in seeing the big picture of organizations. In this research, the leadership orientations of managers in public and private sector hospitals were analyzed with Bolman & Deal’s (1991) “Leadership Orientations Questionnaire” which has two parallel forms. The first form requires the managers rate themselves where the other form is used by the followers to rate their managers. According to the answers, the public and private hospital managers mostly adopted human resources leadership frame that gives much importance to human relations and emotions

Keywords:

Organizational Change, Leadership, Leadership Orientations,

PDF

___

Amabile, T. M.,1983, The Social Psychology of Creativity, Springer- Verlag, New York,.76.

Argyris, C., 1957, Personality and Organisation, Harper & Brothers, New York. 11.

ASHE Higher Education Report, 2006, Higher Education Leadership in the New World. Vol. 31 Issue 6, 101-136.

Avolio, Bruce J., 2007, “Promoting More Integrative Strategies for Leadership Theory-Building”, American Psychologist, Jan2007, Vol. 62 Issue 1, 25-33.

Baldridge, J.V., 1971, Power and Conflict in the University, John Wiley, New York.

Black, J., 1999, “Navigating Change in the New Millennium: Enrollment Leadership Strategies”, Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers,15.

Blau, P.M.; Scott, W.R. 1962, Formal Organisations: A Comparative Approach, Chandler, San Francisco.

Bolat T. ; Seymen O.A., 2003, “Örgütlerde İş Etiğinin Yerleştirilmesinde ‘Dönüşümcü Liderlik Tarzı’nın Etkileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt 6, Sayı 9, 59-85.

Bolman, L.G.; Deal, T.E., 1984, Modern Approaches to Understanding and Managing Organizations, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.

Bolman, L.G.; Deal T.E., 1991a, “Leadership and Management Effectiveness: A Multi-Frame, Multi-Sector Analysis”, Human Resource Management, 30, 509-534.

Bolman L.G.; Deal T.E., 1991b, Re-framing Organisations: Artistry, Choice and Leadership, Josey-Bass, San Francisco,510.

Bolman, L.G.; Deal T.E., 1992, “Leading and Managing: Effects of Context, Culture, and Gender”, Educational Administration Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 3, 314-329.

Bolman, L.G.; Deal T.E., 1997, Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership (Second Edition), Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco. S.67-163

Bolman, L.G. ; Deal, T.E., 1999, “4 Steps to Keeping Change Efforts Heading in the Right Direction”, Journal for Quality & Participation, May/Jun99, Vol. 22 Issue 3. (Erişim:Mart2007)”http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true &db=aph&AN=1851845&site=ehost-live"

Bolman, L.G.; Deal T.E., 2006, “Battles and Beliefs Rethinking the Roles of Today's Leaders”, Leadership in Action; Sep/Oct2006, Vol. 26 Issue 4, 3-7.

Cohen, M.D. ; March, J.G., 1974, Leadership and Ambiguity: The American College President, McGraw-Hill, New York.

Christian T. K. & Stadtländer H., 2007, “Reframing Organizations:Artistry, Choice, and Leadership”, Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, 48-49

Deal, T.E. ; Kennedy, A., 1982, Corporate Cultures, Reading, Addison- Wesley MA.

Eisenbach R., Kathleen W., Rajnandini P., 1999, “Transformational Leadership in the Context of Organizational Change”, Journal of Organizational Psychology, Vol.12, No. 2, 70, 80-90

Fairholm, G.W., 1991, Values Leadership: Towards a New Philosophy of Leadership, New York, Praeger,103-105.

Hackman, J.R. ; Oldham, G.R., 1980, Work Redesign, Reading, Addison Wesley, MA.

Hersey, P.; Blanchard, K.H., 1969, Management of Organizational Behavior, Prentice-Hall

Lawrence, P. ; Lorsch, J., 1967, Organisation and Environment, Harvard Business School Division of Research, Boston.

Lowe K.B ; Galen K., 1996, “Effectiveness Correlates of Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Review of the MLQ Literature”, Leadership Quaterly, Vol. 7, No. 7, 1-31

Maslow, A.H., 1970, Motivation and Personality (2nd ed.), Harper & Row, New York.

McGregor, D., 1960, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGraw-Hill, New York.

McGraw, K. O. : McCullers, J. C., 1979, “Evidence of a Detrimental Effect of Extrinsic Incentives on Breaking a Mental Set” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol.15, 285-294

Özçer, S., 1998, Verimliliğe Etkileri Bakımından Sanayi İşletmelerinde Örnek Yapılar ve Liderlik Biçimleri, Gül Yayınevi, Ankara ,51.

Parry A. ve Horton M., 1998, “Finding, Not Looking for Leadership: A Case Study Using the Bolman and Deal Model”, Journal of Leadership Studies, Vol. 5

Pfeiffer, J.,1978, Organisational Design, AHM, Arlington Heights, IL.

Pullins, E. B., 1996, “The Effects of Situational and Dispositional Motivation on the Initiation of Cooperative Tactics in Buyer-Seller Relationships”, The Ohio State University Press, Columbus,76.

Pullins E. B., 2001, “An Exploratory Investigation of the Relationship of Sales Force Compensation and Intrinsic Motivation. Industrial Marketing Management”, Vol. 30, No. 1, 403–413

Rice D. ; Harris M., 2003, “Leadership in Community Schools: A Frame Analysis Journal Article by Daniel Rice, Mary M. Harris”, Reclaiming Children and Youth, Vol. 11, No.4, 216-221

Robbins, S. P., 1986, Organizational Behavior, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey,349

Ryan, R. ; M., Mims V.; Koestner, R., 1983, “Relation of Reward Contingency and Interpersonal Context to Intrinsic Motivation: A Review and Test Using Cognitive Evaluation Theory”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.45, 736–750.

Scanlan, B.; Keys B., 1983, Management & Organizational Behavior, John Wiley, London,63.

Schneiderman, J. U., 2005, “The Child Welfare System: Through the Eyes of Public Health Nurses”, Public Health Nursing, Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 22 Issue 4, 354-359.

Stainer A. ; Stainer, L., 2000, “Empoverment and Strategic Change-an Ethical Perspective”, Strategic Change, Vol. 9, No. 5, 287-296

Sujan, H., 1986, “An Exploratory Attributional Analysis of Salespeople’s Motivation”, Journal of Marketing Research” Vol. 23, 41–49

Taylak, Ömür, 2004, Son Sınıf Harbiyelilerin Liderlik Davranışlarının İncelenmesi, KHO Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.

Weber, M., 1947, The Theory of Social and Economic Organisation, The Free Press, New York.

Weick, K.E., 1976, “Educational Organisations as Loosely Coupled Systems”, Administrative Science Ouarterly, 21, 1-19.