Hastane Bahçeleri Tasarımında Kullanılan Odunsu Peyzaj Bitkileri ve İnsanlar Üzerindeki Duyusal Etkilerinin Araştırılması: Bursa Kenti Örneği

Hastane bahçeleri, sağlık ve doğa arasındaki en önemli bağlantı noktalarından birisidir. Doğanın iyileştirici gücü bitkiler ile oluşturduğu doğal manzaralardan gelmekte olup, bitkiler ise renkleri, kokuları, yaprak ve çiçekleri gibi birçok özellikleri ile duyusal uyarım kapasiteleri yüksek peyzaj öğelerdir. Hastane bahçelerinde görsel anlamda etkili bitki kompozisyonlarının oluşturulması, kullanıcıların rahatlaması ve sosyalleşmelerinin sağlanması açısından da önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Bursa Merkez ilçelerinde (Osmangazi, Yıldırım ve Nilüfer) yer alan toplam 26 adet devlet ve özel hastane bahçelerindeki bitkisel çeşitlilik irdelenmiş olup, kullanılan bitkilerin form, renk, koku, sonbahar renk etkisi ve duyusal etkileri ve bahçelerde nasıl kullanıldıkları değerlendirilmiştir. Hastane bahçelerinin toplam 95 adet odunsu bitki taksonu ile zengin bir bitkisel çeşitliliğe sahip olduğu, tespit edilen bitkilerin % 47,37’sinin doğal, % 52,63’ünün egzotik türlerden meydana geldiği saptanmış olup, bahçelerin bitkisel tasarım açısından yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Devlet hastanelerinin özel hastanelerden bitkisel çeşitlilik açısından nispeten daha başarılı olduğu saptanmıştır. Dinginlik ve güven duygusu veren yeşil renk tonlarının hâkim olduğu (%81,05) hastane bahçelerinde, beyaz ve krem renkli bitkilerin kullanımı yaygın iken mavi, pembe ve sarı tonlardaki bitkilerin kullanımının ise daha az oranda olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hastane bahçelerinin tasarımında, insanlarda sonsuzluk, yaşama arzusu, zindelik ve sevgi hislerini uyandıran mavi, pembe ve sarı bitki türlerinin dahil edilmesine ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hastane bahçeleri, bitkilendirme tasarımı, bitkilerin duyusal etkileri, peyzaj bitkileri

Woody Landscape Plants Used in The Design Of Hospital Gardens and Their Sensory Effects On Users

Hospital gardens are one of the most important connection points between health and nature. The creation of visually effective plant compositions in hospital gardens is also important in terms of relaxing users and providing socialization. In this study, observation, data collection and evaluation methods were followed. In the scope of the study, a total of 26 hospital gardens Bursa (Osmangazi, Yıldırım, and Nilüfer) including state and private hospitals in the central districts of Bursa were evaluated. The plant diversity in hospital gardens were examined and form, texture, color and odor characteristics, autumn color effects, sensory effects of the identified taxa, and how they were used in hospital gardens were evaluated. It has been determined that the hospital gardens had a rich plant diversity with 95 woody plant taxa, and 47.37% of the identified plants were natural and 52.63% were exotic species and the gardens were insufficient in terms of planting design. In the hospital gardens, green colors, which gave a sense of tranquility and confidence, were determined to be dominant (81.05%). State hospitals were found to be more successful in terms of plant diversity than private hospitals. In the design of hospital gardens, blue, pink and yellow plant species that make people feel a sense of eternity, desire of living, vitality and love should be included.

Keywords:

Hospital garden, plant usage sensory effects of plants, landscape plants,

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