Optimum Şartlarda Tanelik Mısır Üretiminde Radyasyon Verilerine Dayalı Ulaşılabilecek Maksimum Ürün Miktarı Belirleme: Konya Örneği

Tanelik mısır üretiminde yeni geliştirilen hibrit çeşitlerin genetik verim potansiyelleri 4000 kg da-1 olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ülkemizin tanelik mısır verimi ortalaması ise 941 kg da-1 dır. Bitkisel üretimde genetik verim potansiyeline yakın ürün alabilmek için ulaşılabilecek maksimum ürün (hedef) miktarının doğru belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Hedef ürün miktarını vejetasyon süresince yakalanan toplam fotosentetik aktif ışık (IPAR) miktarı, yakalanan ışığın kimyasal enerjiye (kuru maddeye) dönüştürülme etkinliği (RUE) ve hasat indeksi değerleri (HI) belirlemektedir. Fotosentetik aktif radyasyon (PAR) miktarını coğrafi konum, zaman, bağıl nem, basınç, optikal derinlik ve aerosol konsantrasyonu gibi atmosferik koşullar etkilemektedir. RUE ve HI değerleri yetiştirilen çeşitlerin kanopi yapısı, yaprak alanı indeksi, hasat indeksi, erkenci, geçci oluşu gibi genetik özellikleri, PAR şiddeti, sıcaklık, nem, yağış, toprak koşulları gibi iklim ve çevre değerleri, bitki sıklıkları, sulama, gübreleme, hastalık ve zararlılarla mücadele gibi yetiştirme uygulamaları ile hesaplamada yakalanan veya absorbe edilen toplam ışık değerlerinin kullanımına göre farklılık göstermektedir. Teorik olarak stres koşullarının olmadığı optimum yetiştirme koşullarında mısır bitkisi için ulaşılabilecek maksimum potansiyel RUE değerleri 5.5 g MJ-1 olarak belirtilmektedir. Mısır için 0.5 HI değeri ortalama olarak kabul edilmektedir. Radyasyon verilerine göre Konya ilinde tanelik mısır üretiminde teorik olarak ulaşılabilecek maksimum verim 2822 kg da-1 olarak hesap edilmiştir. Hesaplanan bu verim miktarına ulaşabilmek için bitki tarafından topraktan kaldırılacak besin elementi miktarları doğru olarak belirlenmeli ve bu miktarlardan toprakta alınabilir formda bulunan kısım düşüldükten sonra kalan miktar, günlük bitki gelişimi takip edilerek doğru zamanda ve doğru miktarda sulama suyu ile birlikte verilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Mısır, radyasyon, verim

Determining The Attainable Maximum Grain Yield Amount Based on Radiation Data in Corn Production Under Optimum Growing Conditions: The Case of Konya

Genetic yield potential of newly developed hybrid varieties in grain corn production is accepted as 4000 kg da-1. The average grain corn yield of our country is 941 kg da-1. In order to obtain products close to the genetic yield potential in plant production, the maximum amount of yield (target) that can be reached must be determined correctly. The total amount of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) during the vegetation period, the efficiency of using the captured radiation into chemical energy (dry matter) (RUE) and the harvest index values (HI) determine the target yield amount. Atmospheric conditions such as geographic location, time, relative humidity, pressure, optical depth and aerosol concentration affect the amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). RUE and HI values differ according to the genetic characteristics of cultivars such as canopy structure, leaf area index, harvest index, early and late maturity period, climate and environment conditions such as PAR intensity, temperature, humidity, precipitation, soil condition, cultivation practices such as plant densities, irrigation, fertilization, disease and pest control, and the use of intercepted or absorbed total radiation values in the calculation. Theoretically, the maximum potential RUE values that can be reached for maize plant under optimum growing conditions without stress conditions are stated as 5.5 g MJ-1. For maize, an HI value of 0.5 is considered average. According to the radiation data, the maximum yield that can be reached theoretically in corn grain production in Konya was calculated as 2822 kg da-1. In order to reach this calculated yield amount, the amount of nutrients to be removed from the soil by the plant must be correctly determined and after deducting the amount available in the soil from these amounts, the remaining amount should be given with irrigation water at the right amount and time by following the daily plant development.

Keywords:

Corn, radiation, yield,

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