GÜNEY ÇİN DENİZİNDEKİ BÖLGESEL İHTİLAFLAR VE ÇİN’İN ASKERİ MODERNİZASYONU

Doğu ve Güneydoğu Asya bölgeleri son yıllarda küresel ekonomi açısından önemli bir role sahiptir. Bölge devletleri, ulusal ekonomilerindeki gelişmelerle küresel ekonomiye önemli oranda katkı sunmaktadırlar. Bu durum, Doğu ve Güney Doğu Asya’da küresel güçler arasında ve aynı zamanda bölge devletleri arasında sadece ekonomik açıdan değil politik, askeri ve güvenlik açılarından da çok yönlü bir rekabetin doğmasına sebep olmaktadır. Rekabetin en şiddetli konusunu, Güney Çin Denizindeki (GÇD) egemenlik iddialarına ilişkin ihtilaflar oluşturmaktadır. Güney Çin Denizi, sahip olduğu zengin besin değeri ve yer altı kaynakları ile dikkatleri giderek üzerine çekmektedir. GÇD’nin uluslararası deniz ticareti açısından sahip olduğu transit güzergâh rolü, jeopolitik önemi, zengin yer altı ve besin kaynakları bahse konu ihtilafların sebepleri olarak gösterilmektedir. Öte yandan GÇD’deki bölgesel ihtilafların da yerel çatışmalar üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Çin’in Güney Çin Denizinin neredeyse tamamı üzerinde hak iddia etmesi ise kıyıdaş devletlerin ve hatta Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) gibi büyük güçlerin tehdit algılamalarına ve kıyıdaş devletlerarasında egemenlik iddiaları rekabetine sebep olmaktadır. Aynı zamanda kıyıdaş devletlerinin artan askeri kapasiteleri bağlamında egemenlik iddialarının silahlı çatışmaya dönüşme olasılığı da sıkça gündeme taşınmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle, GÇD’deki bölgesel ihtilafların ulusal güvenlik açısından Çin’in askeri yapısını ve kapasitesini revize etmesinde önemli bir role sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Öte yandan, Çin’in son yıllarda askeri yapısını ve kapasitesini revizyon programları vasıtasıyla arttırması, bölge güvenliğine yönelik tehditlerin başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışma, Çin’in askeri revizyon programlarını ve askeri revizyonun Çin’in bölgesel ihtilaflarda politikalarını kararlılıkla sürdürmesine nasıl yol açtığını GÇD’deki ihtilaflar bağlamında analiz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çin, Güney Çin Denizi, Bölgesel Çatışma, Askeri Revizyon

THE REGIONAL DISPUTES IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND CHINA’S MILITARY MODERNIZATION

The East and Southeast Asia regions have an important role in terms of global economy in recent years. The states in the regions have contributed to global economy through the developments of their national economies. This circumstance has also caused to emerge a multidimensional both economic and politics, military, security competition among global powers and regional states. One of the most critical issues related to the competition is the regional disputes. The South China Sea has drawn attention by its potential on food source and hydrocarbon’s. The transit route role, geopolitical importance, rich energy and food resources of the South China Sea has been indicated as the inducements of the regional disputes. On the other hand, it has been seen that the regional disputes in the South China Sea have an effect on the local conflicts. China’s allegations on total part of the South China Sea has caused a threat perception for the riparian states and global powers such as the U.S. and a competition on sovereignty allegations among the riparian states. The possibility of sovereignty allegations’ transformation to an armed conflict in the context of the riparian states’ increasing military capacity has also been brought to the agenda frequently. From this point forth, it is seen that territorial disputes in South China Sea has an important role in the revision of China’s military structure and capacity in the context of national security. Furthermore, China’s struggle for increasing its military structure and capacity through revision programs in recent years has been the major threat in terms of the region security. This article analyzes China’s military revision programs and how military revision causes China to maintain its political assertiveness in the territorial disputes in the context of the South China Sea disputes.

Keywords:

Regional Conflict, Military Revision, Chına, The South China Sea,

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