ZÜLAL AKBAY ARAMA, Muhammed Selahhadin AKIN, SAFİYE FEYZA ÇİNİCİOĞLU

KOMŞU ZEMİN YAPILARININ PARAMETRİK ANALİZİ “DOLGU-ŞEV ETKİLEŞİMİ

Uygulama sahalarındaki sınırlar sebebi ile yapıların şevler üzerine ve/veya içine inşa edilmesi durumunda yapıların davranışı şevlerin varlığından etkilenmekte olup bu durum etkileşimli davranış analizlerini gerektirmektedir. Yapı-şev sisteminin bütünsel stabilitesini etkileyen faktörler şevin yüksekliği ve eğimi, yapının şeve uzaklığı, temel zemini türü ve yapının geometrik durumudur. Bunların yanı sıra, dolguların yumuşak zeminler üzerine inşa edilmesi taşıma kapasitesi göçmesi ve şev stabilitesi gibi geoteknik problemleri de barındıran bir zemin-yapı etkileşimi problemi oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı bütünsel davranış üzerinde farklılık oluşturan tüm faktörlerin davranış üzerindeki etki derecesinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla, dolgu-şev ve temel zemininden oluşan etkileşimli sistemin davranışı birçok parametrik değerlendirme yapılarak iki boyutlu uzayda sonlu elemanlar analizleri yapılarak irdelenmiştir.

Parametric Analysis of Adjacent Soil Structures: Embankment-Slope Interaction

It may be necessary to build structures on or adjacent to slopes due to the limited land areas. In such a case, behavior of the structures together with the adjacent slope is significantly affected by the presence of slopes. The variables influencing overall stability of the structure-slope system are the height and inclination of the slope, the distance of the structure to the crest of the slope, size of the structure and encountered types of foundation soils. Besides these, construction of embankments on soft soil is an important soil-structure interaction problem including many geotechnical challenges such as bearing capacity failure and global slope stability. The aim of this paper is to examine the degree of effectiveness of each of the influencing variables on the overall behavior. For this purpose, the behavioral aspects of the complete interactive system made up of embankment, slope and foundation soils, was analyzed by performing series of parametrical evaluations with finite element software in two dimensional media.

PDF

___

Baikie, L. D. (1985) Total and partial factors of safety in geotechnical engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Nova Scotia, Halifax, N.S., Canada B3J 2X4. doi: 10.1139/t85-067
Bishop, A. W. (1955) The use of slip circle in the stability analysis. doi: 10.1680/geot.1955.5.1.7
Brinkgreve, R.B.J., Kumarswamy, S., Swolfs, W.M. (2017) Plaxis tutorial manual.
Buhan, P. and Garnier, D. (1994) Analysis of the bearing capacity reduction of a foundation near a slope by means of the yield design theory, Revue Française de Géotechnique, 68, 21–32 (in French).
Buhan P. D. and Garnier D. (1998) The dimensional bearing capacity analysis of a foundation near a slope, Revuse Française de Géotechnichnique, 38, 153-163. doi: 10.3208/sandf.38.3_153
Castelli F. and Motta E. (2010) Bearing capacity of strip footings near slopes, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 28, 187-198. doi: 10.1007/s10706-009-9277-9
Chang, H., Nyhart, J. ve Goeltner, C. (1998) Computer models as support for complex negotiaitions, International Conference of the Society for General System Research, Hungarian Academy of Science, Budapest, 40-48. doi:11.3267/2553/8911.324.260
Chen W. F. (1975) Limit analysis and soil plasticity, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Das, B. M., and Larbi-Cherif, S. (1983) Bearing capacity of two closely spaced shallow foundations on sand., Soils and Foundations, 23(1), 1–7. doi: 10.3208/sandf1972.23.1
Davis, E.H. and Booker, J.R. (1973) Some adaptations of classical plasticity theory for soil stability problems, Proceedings of the Symposium on the Role of Plasticity in Soil Mechanics, A.C. Palmer, ed., Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK, 24–41.
Duncan, J. M. (2000) Factors of safety and reliability in geotechnical engineering, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2000, 126(4): 307-316. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:4(307)
Farzaneh, O., Askari, F. and Ganjian, N. (2008) Three dimensional stability analysis of convex slopes in plan view, ASCE, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 134(8), 1192-1200. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:8(1192)
Fredlund-Krahn-Pufahl. (1981) The relationship between limit equilibrium slope stability methods.
Gemperline, M. C. (1988) Centrifuge modeling of shallow foundations., In Proc. ASCE Spring Convention, 45-70.
Georgiadis, K. (2008) The influence of load inclination on the undrained bearing capacity of strip footings on slopes, Computers and Geotechnics, 37(3), 311-322. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2009.11.004
Graham, J., Raymond, G. P., and Suppiah, A. (1984) Bearing capacity of three closelyspaced footings on sand., Geotechnique, 34(2), 173-182. doi: 10.1680/geot.1984.34.2.173
Graham, J. Andrews, M. and Sheilds, D.H. (1987) Stress characteristics for shallow footings in cohesionless slopes, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vpl 25, No. 2, pp. 238-249. doi: 10.1139/t88-028
Hansen, J. B. (1970) A revised and extended formula for bearing capacity
Janbu, N. (1957) Earth pressure and bearing capacity calculations by generalized procedure of slices, Proc. of 4th Int. Conf. Soil. Mech. Eng., 2, 207-212. London: Butterworths. doi: 10.12691/ajna-1-1-2.
Jiang, S. H., Li, D. Q., Cao, Z. J., Zhou C. B. and Phoon, K. K. (2014) Efficient system reliability analysis of slope stability in spatially variable soils using monte carlo simulation, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 141, 2, 04014096. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001227
Krabbenhoft, K., Lyamin, A.V., Hjiaj, M. and Sloan, S.W. (2005) A new discontinuous upper bound limit analysis formulation, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 63(7), 1069–1088. doi: 10.1002/nme.1314
Kumar, J. and Ghosh, P. (2007) Ultimate bearing capacity of two interfering rough strip footings, Int J Geomech. ASCE,7(1):53–62. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2007)7:1(53)
Kumar, J., and Kouzer, K. M. (2008) Bearing capacity of two interfering footings, Int. J. Numer. Analyt. Meth. Geomech., 32(3), 251–264. doi: 10.1002/nag.625
Kumar, A. and Saran, S. (2003). Closely spaced footings on geogrid reinforced sand, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(7), 660–664. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090- 0241(2003)129:7(660)
Kusakabe, O., Kimura, T. & Yamaguchi, H. (1981) Bearing capacity of slopes under strip loads on the top surfaces, Soils and Foundations, Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, v. 21, n. 4, p. 29-40. doi: 10.3208/sandf1972.21.4_29
Lysmer, J. (1970) Limit analysis of plane problems in soil mechanics, J. Soil Mechanics Foundation Division, ASCE, 96 (SM4), 1311-1334.
Meyerhof, G. G. (1957). The ultimate bearing capacity of foundations on slopes. In Proc., IV Int. Conf. Soil Mech. Found. Eng., London, England, 1, 384-387.
Meyerhof, G. G. (1963) Some recent research on the bearing capacity of foundations, Canadian Geotech. J., 1(1), 16–26. doi: 10.1139/t63-003
Michalowski, R.L. (1989) Three-dimensional analysis of locally loaded slopes, Géotechnique, 39(1), 27–38. doi: 10.1680/geot.1989.39.1.27
Mofidi, J., Farzaneh, O. and Askari, F. (2014) Bearing capacity of strip footings near slopes using lower bound limit analysis, Civil Engineering Infrastrructures Journal, 47(1):89-109. doi: 10.7508/CEIJ.2014.01.007
Morngenstern, N. R. and V. E. Price. (1965) The analysis of the stability of general slip surfaces, Géotechnique 15: 1: 79. doi: 10.1680/geot.1965.15.1.79
Narita, K. and Yamaguchi, H. (1990) Bearing capacity analysis of foundations on slopes by use of log-spiral sliding surfaces, Soils and Foundations, 30(3), 144–152. doi: 10.3208/sandf1972.30.3_144
Reddy, S. A and Mogalish, G. (1976) Interference between surface strip foundations on soils exhibiting anisotropy and non-homogeneity in cohesion., Jr. of Inst. of Engg. of India, 7-13.
Saran, S. and Agarwal, V. C. (1974) Interference of surface footings in sand, Indian Geotech. J., 4(2), 129–139.
Sarma, S. K. (1973) Stability analysis of embankments and slopes, Géotechnique, No. 3, 423-433. doi: 10.1680/geot.1973.23.3.423
Selvadurai, A. P. S., and Rabbaa, S. A. A. (1983) Some experimental studies concerning the contact stresses beneath interfering rigid foundations resting on a granular stratum, Can. Geotech. J., 20(3), 406–415. doi: 10.1139/t83-050
Shiau, J.S., Merifield, R.S., Lyamin, A.V. and Sloan, S.W. (2011) Undrained stability of footings on slopes, ASCE, International Journal of Geomechanics, 11(5), 381-390. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000092
Shields, D. H., Scott, J. D., Bauer, G. E., Deschemes, J. H., and Barsvary, A. K. (1977) Bearing capacity of foundations near slopes, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 715-720.
Shields, D., Chandler, N., and Garnier, J. (1990) Bearing capacity of foundations in slopes, J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 116, 3, 528-537. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1990)116:3(528)
Sloan, S.W. and Kleeman, P.W. (1995) Upper bound limit analysis using discontinuous velocity fields, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 127(1-4), 293– 314. doi: 10.1016/0045-7825(95)00868-1
Sokolovski, V.V. (1960) Statics of granular media, Butterworth Scientific Publications, London.
Spencer, E. (1967) A method of analysis of the stability of embankments assuming parallel inter-slice forces, Géotechnique 17:1:11-26 doi: 10.1680/geot.1967.17.1.11
Stuart, J. G. (1962) Interference between foundations with special reference to surface footings in sand, Geotechnique, 12(1), 15–23.doi: 10.1680/geot.1962.12.1.15
Terzaghi, K. (1943) Theoretical soil mechanics, Wiley, New York.
Vesic, A. S. (1975) Bearing capacity of shallow foundations, Foundation Engineering Hand-Book, Winterkorn, H.F., and Fang, H.Y., Eds., Van Nostrant Reinhold Co., pp. 121- 147.
West, J. M., and Stuart, J. G. (1965) Oblique loading resulting from interference between surface footings on sand, Proc., 6th Int. Conf. On Soil Mechanics, 2, Montreal, 214–217.