Abbas MOHAMMADI, Somaye ALVANI, Esmat MAHDIKHANI-MOGHADAM, Hamid ROUHANI

Morphological and molecular characterization and phylogenetic position of a new record, Tylenchorhynchus zeae , and some known species of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi, 1960 and Merliniidae Siddiqi, 1971 from Iran

In order to identify the plant-parasitic nematodes associated withBerberis vulgaris ,Crocus sativus , andZiziphus zizyphus ,360 soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of these plants in the South Khorasan Province of Iran during 2012 2014. Amongthe identified species,Tylenchorhynchus zeaeSethi and Swarup, 1968 of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi, 1960 is a new record from Iran andthe isolate is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular characteristics. The phylogenetic treeinferred from partial sequences of the 28S rRNA (D2D3 segments) grouped the Iranian isolate with otherT. zeaesequences, forminga strongly supported clade (Bayesian posterior probability: 100%).T.z e a eis reported here for the first time onZiziphus zizyphusforIranian nematofauna. Additional morphological and molecular information is also provided for other species includingAmplimerlinius globigerus ,Merlinius brevidens ,Pratylenchoides alkani ,P. ritteri ,Scutylenchus rugosus ,S. tartuensis , andTrophur u s imparfromB.vulgaris ,C. sativus , andZ. zizyphusin Iran.

PDF

___

Allen MW (1955). A review of the nematode genus Tylenchorhynchus . Zoology 61: 129-166.
Baldwin JG, Luc M, Bell AH (1983). Contribution to the study of the genus Pratylenchoides Winslow (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Revue de Nematologie 6: 111-125.
Bert W, Leliaert F, Vierstraete AR, Vanfleteren JR, Borgonie G (2008). Molecular phylogeny of the Tylenchina and evolution of the female gonoduct (Nematoda: Rhabditida). Mol Phylogenet Evol 48: 728-744.
Brzeski MW (1998). Nematodes of Tylenchina in Poland and Temperate Europe. Warsaw, Poland: Muzeum I Instytut Zoologii PAN.
Decraemer W, Hunt DJ (2006). Structure and classification. In: Perry RN, Mones M, editors. Plant Nematology. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, pp. 3-32.
De Grisse A (1969). Redescription ou modifications de quelques techniques utilisees dans li etude des nematodes phytoparasitaires. Mededlingen Rijksfaculteit der Landbouwwetenschappen Gent 34: 351-369 (in French).
Fortuner R, Luc M (1987). A reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata). 6. The family Belonolaimidae Whitehead, 1960. Revue de Nematologie 10: 183-202.
Geraert E (2011). The Dolichodoridae of the World. Identification of the Family Dolichodoridae. Ghent, Belgium: Academia Press.
Ghaderi R, Karegar A, Niknam G, Subbotin S (2014). Phylogenetic relationships of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi, 1960 and Merliniidae Siddiqi, 1971 (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Iran, as inferred from the analysis of the D2D3 expansion fragments of 28S rRNA gene sequences. Nematology 16: 863-877.
Hall TA (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/ NT. Nucleic Acids Res 41: 95-98.
Holterman M, Karssen G, van den Elsen S, van Megen H, Bakker J, Helder J (2009). Small subunit rDNA-based phylogeny of the Tylenchida sheds light on relationships among some high- impact plant-parasitic nematodes and the evolution of plant feeding. Phytopathology 99: 227-235.
Karegar A (2006). Identification of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with sugar beet and their distribution in Hamadan province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 42: 39-43 (in Farsi with English summary).
Kimura M (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Mol Biol Evol 16: 111-120.
Larkin MA, Blackshids G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R (2007). Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23: 2947-2948.
Loof PAA (1956). Trophur u s , a new tylenchid genus (Nematoda). Verslagen en Mededelingen Plantenzienkundige Dienst Jaarboek 129: 191-195.
Nunn GB (1992). Nematode molecular evolution. PhD, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Palomares-Rius JE, Subbotin SA, Liebanas G, Landa BB, Castillo P (2009). Eutylenchus excretorius Ebsary & Eveleigh, 1981 (Nematoda: Tylodorinae) from Spain with approaches to molecular phylogeny of related genera. Nematology 11: 343- 354.
Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP (2003). MRBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572-1574.
Ryss AY (1993). Phylogeny of the order Tylenchida (Nematoda). Russ J Nematol 1: 74-95.
Ryss AY, Sturhan D (1994). Studies on Pratylenchoides ivanovae Ryss, 1980 and P. magnicauda (Thorne, 1935). Russ J Nematol 2: 121- 128.
Sethi CL, Swarup G (1968). Plant parasitic nematodes of northwestern India. I. The genus Tylenchorhynchus . Nematologica 14: 77-88.
Siddiqi MR (1960). Telotylenchus , a new nematode genus from North India (Tylenchida Telotylenchinae n. subfam.). Nematologica 5: 73-77.
Siddiqi MR (1979). Taxonomy of the plant nematode subfamily Merliniinae Siddiqi, 1970, with descriptions of Merlinius processus n.sp., M. loofi n.sp. and Amplimerlinius globigerus n.sp. from Europe. Syst Parasitol 1: 43-60.
Siddiqi MR (2000). Tylenchida Parasites of Plants and Insects. 2nd ed. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
Sturhan D (2012). Contribution to a revision of the family Merliniidae Ryss, 1998, with proposal of Pratylenchoidinae subfam. N., Paramerlinius gen. n., Macrotylenchus gen. n. and description of M. hylophilus sp. n. (Tylenchida). Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 15: 127-147.
Subbotin S, Sturhan D, Chizhov V, Volvas N, Baldwin J (2006). Phylogenetic analysis of Tylenchida Thorne, 1949 as inferred from D2 and D3 expansion fragments of the 28S rRNA gene sequences. Nematology 8: 455-474.
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011). MEGA 5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28: 2731-2739.
Van Megen H, Van den Elsen S, Holterman M, Karssen G, Mooyman P, Bongers T, Holovachov O, Bakker J, Helder J (2009). A phylogenetic tree of nematodes based on about 1200 full- length small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Nematology 11: 927-950.
Whitehead AG, Hemming JR (1965). A comparison of some quantitative methods of extracting vermiform nematodes from soil. Ann Appl Biol 55: 25-38.