Monthly variations in the shell structure of two freshwater ostracod (Crustacea) species in Karapınar Spring (Bolu, Turkey)
The variations of environmental conditions (T °C, pH, Δ13C, Δ18O, Mg/Ca, and Sr/Ca) for two ostracod species (Psychrodromus olivaceus, Potamocypris similis) were analyzed and compared to identify the controls of environmental parameters on the chemical and isotopic composition of their valves. The specimens were collected from Karapınar Spring (Bolu, Turkey) between October 2009 and November 2010. The species were observed throughout the year. Psychrodromus olivaceus showed relatively constant Mg/Ca ratios during the study period, whereas those of P. Similis showed more variability. The ratio was also significantly different (P < 0.05) between the two species. We did not find significant correlation between water temperature and either of the species' Mg/Ca ratios. The stable isotope record for P. Similis was very patchy, showing a small range of values consistent with the groundwater source, similar to the behavior of Sr/Ca. The Sr/Ca ratio displayed little variation throughout the year, suggesting hydrochemical stability over time, most likely in response to the groundwater source. The stable isotope data displayed pronounced variability for P. Similis but little for P. Olivaceus, suggesting that the former may be responding to seasonality, whereas the latter responds to groundwater.
Monthly variations in the shell structure of two freshwater ostracod (Crustacea) species in Karapınar Spring (Bolu, Turkey)
The variations of environmental conditions (T °C, pH, Δ13C, Δ18O, Mg/Ca, and Sr/Ca) for two ostracod species (Psychrodromus olivaceus, Potamocypris similis) were analyzed and compared to identify the controls of environmental parameters on the chemical and isotopic composition of their valves. The specimens were collected from Karapınar Spring (Bolu, Turkey) between October 2009 and November 2010. The species were observed throughout the year. Psychrodromus olivaceus showed relatively constant Mg/Ca ratios during the study period, whereas those of P. Similis showed more variability. The ratio was also significantly different (P < 0.05) between the two species. We did not find significant correlation between water temperature and either of the species' Mg/Ca ratios. The stable isotope record for P. Similis was very patchy, showing a small range of values consistent with the groundwater source, similar to the behavior of Sr/Ca. The Sr/Ca ratio displayed little variation throughout the year, suggesting hydrochemical stability over time, most likely in response to the groundwater source. The stable isotope data displayed pronounced variability for P. Similis but little for P. Olivaceus, suggesting that the former may be responding to seasonality, whereas the latter responds to groundwater.
___
- Akdemir D (2009). Determination of biogeographical distribution, ecological characteristics and tolerance levels of ostracods (Crustacea) in Erzincan and Diyarbakır cities (Turkey). PhD, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey (in Turkish with abstract in English).
- Anderson DH, Darring S, Benke AC (1998). Growth of crustacean meiofauna in a forested floodplain swamp: implications for biomass turnover. J N Am Benthol Soc 17: 21–36.
- Cadot HM, Kaesler RL (1977). Magnesium content of calcite in carapaces of benthic marine ostracods. Univ Kans Paleontol Contrib 87: 1–23.
- Chivas AR, De Deckker P, Shelley JMG (1983). Magnesium, strontium, and barium partitioning in nonmarine ostracode shells and their use in paleoenvironmental reconstructions: a preliminary study. In: Maddocks RF, editor. Applications of Ostracoda to Economic and Scientific Problems: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Ostracoda. Houston, TX, USA: Department of Geosciences, University of Houston, pp. 238–249.
- Chivas AR, De Deckker P, Shelley JMG (1986). Magnesium and strontium in non-marine ostracod shells as indicators of palaeosalinity and palaeotemperature. Hydrobiologia 143: 135–142.
- Cohen AS, Palacios-Fest MR, Negrini RM, Wigand PE, Erbes DB (2000). A paleoclimate record for the past 250,000 years from Summer Lake, Oregon, USA: II. Sedimentology, paleontology, and geochemistry. J Paleolimnol 24: 151–182.
- Cronin TM, Dwyer GS, Baker PA, Rodriguez-Lazaro J, Briggs WM Jr (1996). Deep-sea ostracode shell chemistry (Mg/Ca ratios) and late Quaternary Arctic Ocean history. In: Andrews JT, Austin WEN, Bergsten H, Jennings AE, editors. Late Quaternary Palaeoceanography of the North Atlantic Margins. Special Publication No. 111. London, UK: Geological Society of London, pp. 117–134.
- Decrouy L, Vennemann TW, Ariztegui D (2012). Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca of ostracod valves from living species of Lake Geneva. Chem Geol 314: 45–56.
- De Deckker P, Chivas AR, Shelley JMG, Torgerson T (1988). Ostracod shell chemistry: a new paleoenvironmental indicator applied to a regressive/transgressive record from the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 66: 231–241.
- Dettman DL, Palacios-Fest M, Cohen AS (2002). Comment on G. Wansard and F. Mezquita, The response of ostracod shell chemistry to seasonal change in a Mediterranean freshwater spring environment. J Paleolimnol 27: 487–491.
- Dwyer GS, Cronin TM, Baker PA, Raymo ME, Buzas JS, Corrège T (1995). North Atlantic deepwater temperature change during late Pliocene and late Quaternary climatic cycles. Science 270: 1347–1351.
- Engstrom DR, Nelson SR (1991). Paleosalinity from trace metals in fossil ostracodes compared with observational records at Devils Lake, North Dakota, USA. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 83: 295–312.
- Glazier DS (1991). The fauna of North American temperate cold springs: patterns and hypotheses. Freshwater Biol 26: 527–542.
- Gooch JL, Glazier DS (1991). Temporal and spatial patterns in mid- Appalachian springs. Mem Entomol Soc Can 155: 29–49.
- Holmes JA, Chivas R (2002). Ostracod shell chemistry-overview. In: Holmes JA, Chivas AR, editors. The Ostracoda: Applications in Quaternary Research, Geophysical Monograph 131. Washington, DC, USA: American Geophysical Union, pp. 185–204.
- Hynes HBN (1970). The Ecology of Running Waters. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press.
- Janz H, Vennemann TW (2005). Isotopic composition (O, C, Sr, and Nd) and trace element ratios (Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca) of Miocene marine and brackish ostracods from North Alpine Foreland deposits (Germany and Austria) as indicators for palaeoclimate. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 225: 216–247.
- Juggins S (2003). Software for Ecological and Palaeoecological Data Analysis and Visualization. C2 User Guide. Newcastle-upon- Tyne, UK: University of Newcastle.
- Külköylüoğlu O (1999a). Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographic distribution of spring water Ostracoda (Crustacea) in Nevada. PhD, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.
- Külköylüoğlu O (1999b). Seasonal distribution of freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) in springs of Nevada. Geosound 35: 85–91.
- Külköylüoğlu O (2005). Factors affecting Ostracoda (Crustacea) occurrence in Yumrukaya Reedbeds (Bolu, Turkey). Wetlands 25: 224–227.
- Külköylüoğlu O (2009). Ecological Succession of Freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) in A Newly Developed Rheocrene Spring (Bolu, Turkey). Turk J Zool 33: 115–123.
- Külköylüoğlu O, Sarı N (2012). Ecological characteristics of the freshwater Ostracoda in Bolu region (Turkey). Hydrobiologia 688: 37–46.
- Külköylüoğlu O, Yavuzatmaca M, Akdemir D, Sarı N (2012). Ostracod diversity in Kahramanmaraş (Turkey). Int Rev Hydrobiol 97: 247–261.
- Külköylüoğlu O, Yılmaz F (2006). Contribution to the knowledge of ecological requirements of Ostracoda (Crustacea) in three kinds of springs. Limnologica 36: 172–180.
- Lister GS (1988). Stable isotopes from lacustrine Ostracoda as tracers for continental Paleoenvironments. In: De Deckker P, Colin J, Peypouquet J, editors. Ostracoda in the Earth Sciences. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier, pp. 201–218.
- Majoran S, Agrenius S, Dwyer GS (1999). The effect of temperature on the geochemical composition of the valves of the ostracod species Krithe praetexta praetexta. Geosound 35: 93–113.
- Meisch C (2000). Freshwater Ostracoda of Western and Central Europe. Süsswasserfauna von Mitteleuropa 8/3. Heidelberg, Germany: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag.
- Palacios-Fest MR (1994). Trace element shell chemistry of continental ostracodes and the applicability of experimentally- derived multiple regression models to paleoenvironmental reconstructions in southwestern North America. PhD, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Palacios-Fest MR, Carreño AL, Ortega-Ramirez JR, Alvarado- Valdéz G (2002). A paleoenvironmental reconstruction of Laguna Babícora, Chihuahua, Mexico based on ostracode paleoecology and trace element shell chemistry. J Paleolimnol 27:185–206.
- Palacios-Fest MR, Dettman DL (2001). Temperature controls monthly variation in ostracode valve Mg/Ca: Cypridopsis vidua from a small lake in Sonora, Mexico. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65: 2499–2508.
- Pieri V, Martens K, Stoch F, Rossetti G (2009). Distribution and ecology of non-marine ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE Italy). J Limnol 68: 1–15.
- Roca JR, Wansard G (1997). Temperature influence on development and calcification of Herpetocypris brevicaudata Kaufmann, 1900 (Crustacea: Ostracoda) under experimental conditions. Hydrobiologia 347: 91–95.
- Rosenfeld A (1982). The secretion process of the ostracod carapace. In: Bate RH, Robinson E, Sheppard LM, editors. Fossil and Recent Ostracods. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood Limited, pp. 12–24.
- Sarı N, Külköylüoğlu O (2010). Ostracods (Crustacea) and habitat similarities in the Bolu region (Turkey). Turk J Zool 34: 225– 230.
- Särkkä J, Levonen L, Mäkelä J (1997). Meiofauna of springs in Finland in relation to environmental factors. Hydrobiologia 347: 139–150.
- Schwalb A, Lister GS, Kelts K (1994). Ostracod carbonate δ18O- and δ13C-signatures of hydrological and climatic changes affecting Lake Neuchatel, Switzerland, since the latest Pleistocene. J Paleolimnol 11: 3–17.
- Turpen JB, Angell RW (1971). Aspects of molting and calcification in the ostracod Heterocypris. Biol Bull 140: 331–338.
- Tütken T, Vennemann TW, Janz H, Heimann EPJ (2006). Palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate of the Middle Miocene lake in the Steinheim basin, SW Germany: a reconstruction from C, O, and Sr isotopes of fossil remains. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 241: 457–491.
- Van der Meeren T, Ito E, Verschuren D, Almendinger JE, Martens K (2011). Valve chemistry of Limnocythere inopinata (Ostracoda) in a cold arid environment: implications for paleolimnological interpretation. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 306: 116–126.
- von Grafenstein U, Erlernkeuser H, Trimborn P (1999). Oxygen and carbon isotopes in modern fresh-water ostracod valves: assessing vital offsets and autoecological effects of interest for palaeoclimate studies. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 148: 133–152.
- Wansard G, Mezquita F (2001). The response of ostracod shell chemistry to seasonal change in a Mediterranean freshwater spring environment. J Paleolimnol 25: 9–16.
- Wansard G, Roca JR (1997). Étude expérimentale de l’incorporation du strontium et du magnésium dans les valves d’un ostracode d’eau douce, Herpetocypris brevicaudata (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Chem Geol 146: 39–54 (in French).
- Wansard G, Roca JR, Mezquita F (1999). Experimental determination of strontium and magnesium partitioning in calcite of the freshwater ostracod Herpetocypris intermedia. Arch Hydrobiol 145: 237–253.
- Williams DD, Danks HV, Smith IM, Ring RA, Cannings RA (1990). Biological Survey of Canada Terrestrial Arthropods. Briefs. Freshwater Springs: A National Heritage. Winnipeg, Canada: Entomological Society of Canada Supplement.
- Xia J, Engstrom DR, Ito E (1997). Geochemistry of ostracod calcite: Part 2. The effects of water chemistry and seasonal temperature variation on Candona rawsoni. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61: 383–391.